IMPACT OF FLUSHING AND FILTRATION SYSTEM ON PERFORMANCE OF MICRO IRRIGATION SYSTEMS - Management, Performance, and Applications of Micro Irrigation Systems - page 82

efficiency for water quality parameters was estimated with individual filters and in
combination. Significant improvement in water quality was observed for turbidity,
total solids, carbonate and bicarbonate. The filtration efficiency with combination fil-
ter was 64.3±29.8% for turbidity and 19.21±19.3% for total solids. Negative filtration
efficiency was also observed for total solids and Mg.
Gravel media fi lter gave better results for fi ltration of bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) from
wastewater in comparison to the disk fi lter. Emitters protected by the gravel media
fi lter experienced the largest fl ow rate reductions but emitters protected by combina-
tion fi lters experienced least fl ow rate reduction. Backwashing of fi lters reduces the
fi ltration effi ciency and head loss through it. To reduce emitter plugging by removal
of accumulated sediment, fl ushing of mains, submains and laterals was done. Higher
improvement in uniformity coeffi cient was observed in subsurface drip in comparison
to surface drip after fl ushing. It gave maximum improvement in the emitter discharge
rate with emitters experienced gravel media fi lter and least with disk fi lter.

KEYWORDS

• Clogging

• Coefficient of variation

• Disk filter

• Dripper

• Emitter

• Emitter discharge

• Emitter flow rate

• Emitter placement

• Filter

• Filtration

• Filtration efficiency

• Flushing

• Gravel media filter

• Micro-irrigation

• Plugging

• Subsurface drip

• total solids

• total soluble solids

• Uniformity coefficient

• Wastewater

• Wastewater quality