Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
a
b
y =-0.009x + 38.6
R² = 0.19
39.0
40.0
y = 0.001x + 0.004x + 38.6
2
R² = 0.67
y = 0.023x + 38.6
R² = 0.57
38.8
39.6
39.2
38.6
38.4
38.8
38.2
38.4
38.0
38.0
0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5
0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5
Ambient T (°C)
Ambient T (°C)
Fig. 10.2 Correlation between RT (
left
)(a)orST(
right
)(b) and AT during the journey
a
b
39.2
82.0
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
39.0
80.0
38.8
78.0
38.6
76.0
38.4
74.0
38.2
72.0
38.0
70.0
Polish farms
Polish
centre
rehydration,
departure
Italy arrival
Fig. 10.3 ST (
left
)(a) and BW (
right
)(b) according to transport schedule
Italy, they showed a weight loss equal to 6.0% in July and 4.0% in January compared
with before departure (Fig.
10.3b
). During both seasons at the transit center after
weighing, the calves were fed 5-6 L milk, increasing their BW by 4.4%. Therefore,
the weight loss from the Polish farm to the Italian farm was equal to 8.7% (6.9 kg) in
the summer and 4.8% (3.8 kg) in the winter. Afterward, a progressive increase in BW
was seen within 24 h of arrival at the Italian farm. Seasonal effects had a significant
influence on BW; likewise, transport effects were significant, showing a lower weight
loss during the winter journey. ECGs revealed higher HR during loading and
unloading, an increase of 31% and 26%, respectively, which are slightly higher
than the normal range of 100-120 (Radostis et al.
2007
). As the polarity of the
deflections differed between calves, the P waves in DII were positive in some calves
and negative in others. The mean electric axis varied from 60 to 180
.
10.4 Discussion
Twenty-hour road haulages, if carried out with suitable handling, personnel, and
trucks, may lead to discomfort but not to stress because only the phases of alarm
and adaptation, but not the phase of exhaustion of the GAS, should be expressed
