Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
a second thawing. Thawing was performed in both cases at 4
C for 18 h. A general-
purpose device (Mindray 6600) equipped with a high-frequency (10 MHz) linear
probe was used for US studies. During all studies, US settings were always the
same. On all the images, means and median gray levels were measured at the
central myomer using a commercial graphic editing program (Adobe Photoshop 7).
In the second step, 15 sea breams, of the same weight and origin, were used: five
fresh, five after a first thawing, and five after a second thawing (both thawings at
4
C for 18 h). A quantitative US (QUS) device (Hologic Sahara) equipped with two
low-frequency (0.6 MHz) probes and currently used for Calcaneal US densitometry
in humans was used. During the studies, speed of sound (SOS), bone ultrasound
attenuation (BUA), bone mineral density (BMD), and quantitative ultrasound index
(QUI), a value obtained by the ratio of the two above-mentioned values, were
measured. To obtain the measurement at the level of the lateral line of the fish, the
body of the sea bream was cut into two pieces, a cranial piece and a caudal piece.
The data were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test (Tables
28.1
and
28.2
).
Significance level was set at
P
less than 0.05.
Table 28.1 Mean (
SD) of gray levels at the
central myomer and P values of the ANOVA comparison among the three US studies
1 Fresh
standard deviation [SD]) and median values (
2 After the first thawing
3 After the second thawing
Mean (
SD)
12.79 (
5.06)
19.56 (
5.07)
27.23 (
3.64)
Median (
SD)
9.29 (
6.01)
18.17 (
5.76)
23.26 (
3.59)
P
*
1 vs. 2
2 vs. 3
1 vs. 3
Mean
<
0.0001
<
0.0001
<
0.0001
Median
<
0.0001
<
0.0001
<
0.0001
*Significance level
P
<
0.05
Table 28.2 Mean (
SD) of SOS, BUA, BMD, and QUI values and P values of the ANOVA
comparison among the three groups of sea breams
1 Fresh
2 After the first thawing
3 After the second thawing
SOS (
SD)
1,552.11 (
6.2)
1,556.68 (
16.3)
1,550.83 (
9.7)
BUA (
SD)
13.31 (
22.1)
57.48 (
37.9)
76.81 (
16.8)
BMD (
SD)
0.37 (
0.05)
0.50 (
0.11)
0.53 (
0.05)
QUI (
SD)
70.68 (
8.41)
91.86 (
15.9)
96.47 (
8.12)
P*
1 vs. 2
2 vs. 3
1 vs. 3
SOS
0.428
0.253
0.934
<
<
<
BUA
0.0001
0.07
0.0001
<
<
<
BMD
0.0001
0.435
0.0001
<
<
<
QUI
0.0001
0.413
0.0001
<
<
<
*Significance level
P
0.05
SOS
speed of sound,
BUA
bone ultrasound attenuation,
BMD
bone mineral density,
QUI
quantita-
tive ultrasound index
<
