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angle ( ). In
addition, the maximum velocity [( V max ), mm/min] and area under the curve [(AUC),
mm 2 ] were evaluated in the na-TEM ® profile. A standard coagulation profile,
including prothrombin time [(PT), s], activated partial thromboplastin time
[(aPTT), s], and fibrinogen (mg/dl), was also performed in 26 animals (16 adults
and 10 calves).
Hematological and thromboelastometric values are expressed as the mean
formation time [(CFT), s], maximum clot firmness [(MCF), mm], and
a
standard deviation (SD), 5th-95th percentile, and median. Data distribution was
tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test. The coefficients of variation (CV) were calcu-
lated on duplicate tracings performed simultaneously for the imprecision test. The
Wilcoxon test was used to compare hematological and thromboelastometric results
for adults and calves. Correlations between TEM and hematologic variables [eryth-
rocyte count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), PT, aPTT, and fibrinogen] were investigated
using the Spearman test. Statistical significance was set at the less than or equal to
0.05 probability level. Statistical analysis was performed using the open source
software R 2.7.0 (R Development Core Team 2008).
15.3 Results
CBC and blood biochemistry were within normal limits for adult cattle. Microcytic
hypochromic anemia was observed in the calves (HCT 20.6
3.6%; MCV
24.5
3.3 fL; hemoglobin 8
1.4 g/dL); HCT was significantly lower in calves
( p
0.001) than in adults. The standard coagulation profile showed a significant
decrease in PT and a significant increase in aPTT and fibrinogen in adults versus
calves: PT 23.5
<
2.9 s versus 25.7
1.6 s; aPTT 36.8
9.6 s versus 27.4
3.6 s;
fibrinogen 390.9
43.6 mg/dl, respectively.
The TEM reference values for adults and calves are reported in Tables 15.1 and
15.2 , respectively. In the calves, the CT was significantly shorter for the in-TEM ®
( p
125.4 mg/dl versus 259.9
¼ 0.008), ex-TEM ® ( p
< 0.001), and fib-TEM ® ( p
¼ 0.006) profiles, whereas
0.03) for the fib-TEM ® profile.
Concerning instrument precision, a lower CV was noted for MCF (range from
0.9% for in-TEM ® to 8.5% for fib-TEM ® ), for
the CFT was significantly longer ( p
¼
angle (range from 2.4% for in-
TEM ® to 12.5% for na-TEM ® ), and for AUC (3.1%). Higher CVs were observed
for CT (range from 6.3% for ex-TEM ® to 12% for na-TEM ® ), for CFT (range from
5.4% for ex-TEM ® to 15.7% for na-TEM ® ), and for V max (25.7%).
A positive correlation was found between HCT and CT both for in-TEM ®
a
0.006) and ex-TEM ® ( r
( r
¼
0.4; p
¼
¼
0.5; p
0.001) and between HCT and
<
0.001). For the fib-TEM ® profile, fibrinogen correlated posi-
aPTT ( r
¼
0.6; p
<
tively to CT ( r
¼
0.4; p
¼
0.02), MCF ( r
¼
0.35; p
¼
0.03), and
( r
¼
0.4;
a
p
¼
0.006), and negatively to CFT ( r
¼
0.5; p
0.001).
<
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