Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
marine and terrestrial sources and the most abundant line of evidence is pollen
analysis. There is considerable information available from the northern part of the
basin, which includes several long lake sequences spanning more than one glacial-
interglacial cycle, limited sources in the east but relatively little from the south.
It is also important to recognize that many sites referred to are not in upland areas
and the results can only be extrapolated. Consequently, reconstructions are spatially
rather than temporally constrained. Nevertheless some patterns are discernible, with
domination by climatic change as a driving force in ecosystem change, which is evi-
dent during glacial-interglacial cycles. It is also possible to identify spatial gradients
notably in terms of ecosystem characteristics between west and east as well as north
and south. Undoubtedly, the latter part of the Holocene has no counterpart in ear-
lier interglacial stages given the heavy footprint of humanity, which has created and
shaped landscapes for the last ten millennia.
References
References marked as bold are key references.
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et al.
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
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Clauzon, G., Suc, J.-P., Gautier, F., Berger, A. and Loutre, M.-F. (1996) Alternate interpretation
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Geology
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Colombaroli, D., Tinner, W., van Leeuwen, J.
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(2009) Response of broadleaved evergreen
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Journal of Biogeography
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