Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.4. Shares of selected research outputs held by major seed companies and other institutions
Company
(including subsidiaries
and acquisitions
U.S. patents issued for
agricultural
biotechnology,
narrowly defined
1
U.S. patents issued for
agricultural
biotechnology,
broadly defined
1
Petitions and
notifications to APHIS
for field trials with GM
plants in the U.S.
Approvals for
planting or
environmental release
of GM crops
U.S. patents
issued for crop
cultivars
GM trait-acres of
soybeans, corn,
cotton, canola
2
% of total issued
1982 to 2007
% of total issued 1976
to 2000
% of total issued 1976
to 2001
% of total field trials
1985 to mid-2008
% of global approvals
1985 to 2007
% of global trait-
acres in 2007
Monsanto
28.7
16.8
6.1
39.7
49.2
about 85
Dupont
36.5
20.7
5.1
7.3
5.0
3-5
Syngenta
8.4
9.8
3.8
5.2
8.0
3-5
Bayer
0.2
5.8
4.7
4.9
20.9
3-5
Dow
2.3
9.9
2.1
3.5
4.0
3-5
BASF
0.0
0.9
2.1
1.0
0.0
0
Limagrain
1.2
0.5
n.a.
1.2
0
0
KWS
0.4
0.1
n.a.
1
<0.1
0
Other private firms or
21.7
15.1
43.8
9.8
individuals
12.9
2
Public and nonprofit
institutions
0.6
20.4
32.3
26.4
Total %
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
352 (282)
3
Total number
38,978
306
(mil. acres)
n.a. = not available. GM = genetically modified crops.
1
The ERS Agricultural Biotechnology Intellectual Property (ABIP) database defines agricultural biotechnology two ways. Under a
narrow definition, it includes patents pertaining specifically to crops and to the suite of modern biotechnology techniques, such as
genetic engineering, selection with the aid of molecular markers, or genomics. Under the broader definition, biotechnology refers to
