Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5. (Continued)
Country
Food
Study
Willingness-to-pay premium
United
Kingdom
All foods
Burton et al.,
2001
Customers indicated willingness to increase
food budgets by 26-129 percent to avoid GE
foods.
Italy
*
Bocaletti and
Moro,
2000
Consumers willing to pay a positive amount for
GE attributes;66 percent did not require a
premium to consume GE foods.
United
States,
France,
Germany,
and United
Kingdom
Beef fed
with
GE feed
Lusk et al.,
2003
U.S.consumers willing to pay $2.83 and $3.31
per lb.to avoid GE; Euro-pean consumers $4.86
to $11.01.
United
States,
United
Kingdom
Breakfast
cereal
Moon and
Balasubrama
nian, 2001
Survey found 56 percent of UK consumers
willing to pay a premium to avoid GE
compared with 37 percent of U.S. consumers.
Norway,
United
States, Japan,
Taiwan
Vegetable
oil
Chern et al.,
2002
Norwegian students were willing to pay $1.51
(55-69 percent premium) per liter for non-GE
vegetable oil, U.S. students were willing to pay
$1.13 (50-62 percent premium), Japanese
students were willing to pay $0.88 (33-40
percent premium), and Taiwanese students were
willing to pay $0.45 cents (17-21 percent
premium).
China
Rice
Li et al.,
2002
80 percent of consumers did not require a
premium to purchase GE rice and on average
were willing to pay a 38-percent premium on
GE rice and a 16-percent premium for GE soy
oil.
Norway
Bread
Grimsrud, et
al., 2004
Consumers required discounts of 37-63 percent
to buy GE bread; One-fourth willing to buy
with no discount.
Australia
Beer
Burton and
Pearse, 2002
Younger consumers would pay $A 0.72 less
and older consumers $A 0.40 less for beer made
with GE barley.
Canada
*
West et al.,
2002
83 percent of consumers ascribed a lower value
to several GE foods.
France
*
Noussair et
al., 2004
35 percent of consumers were unwilling to
purchase GE foods, and 42 percent were willing
to purchase them if they were less expensive.
Consumers reduced their demand by an average
of 7-13 percent for each food product having 1
percent and 5 percent tolerance levels for GE
material relative to GE-free food.
1
See also Lusk et al. (2005), who summarize a set of 25 studies including 57 GE
valuation studies and report that, on average, consumers are willing to pay a
positive premium for GE-free foods.
*This study did not focus on a specific food item.
Source: Compiled by USDA's Economic Research Service.
United States
Oil, chips,
and potatoes
Rousu et al.,
2004
