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century, made that, on the one hand, mathematicians and engineers set the goal
of providing intelligence to machines, while on the other hand, the cognitive
psychologists' opinion was that computers were perfect elements to test their
theories about information processing by the brain. Thus the artificial intelli-
gence (AI) appeared in 1956. However, in the discipline of AI, despite successes
such as engineering, there is a double failure: it has been impossible to base the
AI as a science, nor to achieve the goal of a machine possessing general intel-
ligence and displaying the cognitive behaviors of human beings. The inability
to get a machine with the cognitive behavior of a human being after a great
effort by the scientific community has opened a debate on the need for new
concepts[8][9] and it has been exposed that intelligence is a pre-scientific term
that should be left to advance[8].
Taking into account the findings and investigations that have been made
by the scientific community about the behaviors of biological systems and the
generation of behavior by non-biological systems, the following questions are
perceived.
1. Neurobiology explains the behavior of living creatures with a nervous system
using concepts such as action potentials, neurotransmitters, synapses, or
electrophysiological properties[10]. The behavior of plants and bacteria is
explained by concepts such as gene, protein or promoter[1][2]. In the case
of computers, the symbolic paradigm uses the concepts of inference engine,
entropy or matching algorithm among others[11]. Is it possible to find a
scientific language that covers all sets of behaviors?
2. One of the goals of science is to unify sets of phenomena. Today, science
deals with the behavior of living things dividing by them into different sets.
Furthermore, recent research has shown effective behaviors in nature that
had not been previously considered as the random and cyclic. Is it possible
to find a physical principle that unifies all these sets?
3. After more than 50 years, AI has been developed as knowledge engineering,
but it does not achieve a foundation as science[8]. Research has shown that
the property of the intelligence is not a useful concept for addressing the issue
of cognitive behavior in autonomous nonbiological systems, but is it possi-
ble to find a concept that unifies behaviors of biological and nonbiological
autonomous systems and support IA as a science?
This paper presents a theoretical proposal called the General Theory of Exobe-
haviour (GTE), which addresses the three issues mentioned above. The GTE
is a proposal that has been developed following the method of reasoning about
nature developed by Newton, and meets the criteria of monism, physicalism and
reductionism. The organization of the paper is as follows. Section two defines all
behavior as a single whole. In the third section, a physical property is proposed
as the cause of behavior following the Newton's method and it is interpreted
in physical terms. The fourth section presents a set of laws governing phenom-
ena of populations based on the proposed property. The last section contains a
discussion on the proposal made in this paper and some conclusions.
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