Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Box 1.1 (continued)
•
an amine; suffix usually -amine
•
the root name can be phenylamine, as an
analogue of methylamine, or the systematic
benzenamine; in practice, the IUPAC accepted
name is aniline
•
O
CH
3
3
1
H
2
the ring is numbered from the point of attachment of
the amino group
•
N
,3,3,-trimethylbutanamide
•
this is a secondary amide of butanoic acid; thus the
root name is butanamide
the prefixes
ortho
-,
meta
-, and
para
- are widely used
to denote 1,2-, 1,3-, or 1,4-arrangements respectively
on an aromatic ring; these are abbreviated to
o
-,
m
-,
and
p
-, all in italics
•
two methyl substituents are on position 3, and one
on the nitrogen, hence
N
,3,3-trimethyl; the
N
is given in italics
O
1
1
2
2
OH
1
3
1-phenylethanone
methyl phenyl ketone
acetophenone
HO
5
OCH
3
4
OCH
3
2-(3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)butanol
•
a ketone in which the longest chain is two carbons;
thus the root name is ethanone
•
1
the phenyl substituent is on the carbonyl, therefore at
position 1
•
2
OH
5
without the 1-substituent, ethanone is actually an
aldehyde, and would be ethanal!
•
1
the alternative methyl phenyl ketone is a neat and easy
way of conveying the
structure
•
3
HO
OCH
3
2
OCH
3
this structure has a common name, acetophenone,
which derives from an acetyl (CH
3
CO) group bonded
to a phenyl ring
5-(1-hydroxybut-2-yl)-2,3-dimethoxyphenol
•
this could be named as an alcohol, or as a phenol
NH
2
•
as an alcohol (butanol), there is a substituted phenyl
ring attached at position 2
•
1
2
3
note the phenyl and its substituents are
bracketed to keep them together, and to separate
their numbering (shown underlined) from that
of the alcohol chain
•
3-ethylaniline
m
-ethylaniline
3-ethylphenylamine
3-ethylbenzenamine
as a phenol, the substituted butane side-chain is
attached through its 2-position so has a root name
but-2-yl to show the position of attachment; again,
this is in brackets to separate its numbering from that
of the phenol
•
NH
2
NH
2
di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. are not part of the alphabetical
sequence for substituents; dimethoxy comes
under m, whereas trihydroxy would come
under h, etc.
o
-ethylaniline
p
-ethylaniline
