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that are easily reached by the pointer. The icon symbols used in the menus, e.g., in
the “Tools” menu, make no distinction between nouns (e.g., Pencil, Eraser, Text) and
verbs (e.g., Zoom, Measure, Heal), which could be helpful. Also, the symbols are
created by different methods (e.g., the Pencil tool has an iconic representation of a
pen but the Zoom tool icon is created by metonymy with its action and uses a zooming
lens; others are connected only loosely, as in the case of Swap Colors).
Syntax.
The system processes are constituted by the same UI language components analyzed
above for Adobe Photoshop.
Rhetorical tropes.
Perhaps the most prominent of the rhetorical tropes in this context is the metaphor.
As is the case of syntax, the same set of metaphors is shared with Adobe Photoshop.
Interaction phases.
The interaction phases are similar to those mentioned above in the Adobe Photoshop
analysis. Also, the interaction sentence level is similar. Considering the example from
the transcripts, the action is modified after the system's feedback (when clicking on
the object to eliminate with the healing tool the user is instructed to option-click on
the source first), the action is repeated (drag the brush several times over the object
to eliminate until the object is canceled), or the action was needed only once (when
clicking the “OK” button).
4.1.4 C LONE OBJECTS IN PERSPECTIVE
Adobe Photoshop steps
(0) Open the picture to adjust.
(1) Find the proper function in the menu or tool palette.
(a) The subtask involved was to look at the toolbox for a button resem-
bling the intended action, but it was not found.
(b) Alternatively look through the menu items (especially in what seemed
as most related: Image -
Adjustments, and Filter) for a relative com-
mand (it was found under Filter -
>
). (A window
called “Vanishing Point” appears. The window sports a live pre-
view, “Create Plane Tool,” and “Clone Tool,” among others.) (See
Figures 4.14 and 4.15.)
>
Vanishing point
...
(2) Click the four corners according to the information line provided (“Click the
four corners of a perspective plane or object in the image to create an editing
plane. Tear off perpendicular planes from the stretch nodes of existing
...
).”
(3) Select the “Clone tool.”
(4) Option-click in the plane to set the source. (“Opt+click in a plane, to set a
source point for the clone. Once source point is set, click+drag to paint or
clone. Shift+click to extend the stroke to last click”.)
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