Grain Marketing Parastatals in Asia: Why Do They Have to Change Now? - From Parastatals to Private Trade - page 28

TABLE 2.6 Regulatory framework to facilitate parastatal operation

Regulations/restrictions India Indonesia Philippines Bangladesh Pakistan Vietnam

Monopoly on export
Year introduced

1965 Never had large Never had large Never had large 1974 1989

surplus surplus surplus

Still enforced? No, but quota n.a. n.a. n.a. Private sector Yes

on export export allowed

since 1987

Monopoly on import
Year introduced 1965 1967 1972 1972 1948 1975

Still enforced? Yes Officially with- Yes No, lifted in Private import Yes

drew in 1998, 1992-93 freed in 1987,

but reinstituted but quickly

reversed

Movement restriction
Year introduced

1941 (during 1967 n.a. 1941 (during 1941 (during 1975

British rule) British rule) British rule)

Still enforced? Yes, partially Yes, partially No No, lifted in 1989 Lifted in 2001, Yes

but enforced
in 2004