Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
f
t d
()
()
a
t
h
k
t
t
hk
12
t
hk
t
h
12
hk
t
12
12
hk
2
hk
hk
2
hk
2
hk
hk
,
hk
12
hk
,
hk
hk
h
12
hk
hk
hk
hk
f
t d
()
b
b
()
hk
22
hk
22
22
t
hk
,,
hk
hk
,,
hk
22
hk
,,
hk
hk
,
hk
,
hk
hk
,
h
22
hk
,
hk
h
22
hk
2
2
−+
−+
t d
f
β
−+
F
t
t
t
t
2
3
h,l,k
1
2
21
F
a
F
Rk
2
2
2
2
ax
ββ
2
β
21
β
21
β
β
3
β
t
2
β
21
2
β
21
2
21
2
21
21
1
()
h,l,k
+
+
ββ
21
ββ
21
21
21
21
21
+ +
+
−+
−+
−+
−+
−+
−−+
−+
−+
−+
−+
−+
−+
−+
+
,
()
c
21
21
21
21
21
21
−+
−+
β
1
4
+
t
t
t
t
1
1
1
1
ββ
42
4
ββ
42
(
(
(
(
42
ββ
42
(
(
ββ
)
)
)
M
f
t d
F
+
ββ
+
h,l,k
t
t
1
y,Rk
F
a
F
Rk
F
min
ax
(
ββ
β
=
1.
1
.
.
5
f
f
h,l,k
h,l,k
t
t
t
t
t
1
21
21
(
ββ
21
( ++
2
ββ
21
)
β
)
)
()
d
d
()
h,l,k
β
++
++
++
)
β
++
)
)
++
+
,
F
r
F
Rk
r,
−
β
(
ββ
(
2
2
4
2
β
+
f dt
h,l,
f d
h,l,
f d
1
(
β β
4
β β
β
++
β β
4
β β β
(
(
β β
4
β β
β β β
(
β β
β β
β β
)
)
f
t d
M
F
ax
F
ax
β β
+
,Rk
h,l,k
t
t
2
ax Rk
y
1.
1
.
.
5
f
f
h,l,k
h,l,k
t
t
t
t
t
2
21
(
β β
2
β β
β
++
β β
β β β
(
β β
2
β β
(
β β
β β
(
β β
2
β β
(
β β
(
β β
2
β β
β β
)
β
++
β
++
++
β
++
(
β
()
h,l,k
,
++
++
++
+
()
e
−
(
β β
2
12
β
4
12
12
+
β
f d
h,l,
f d
h,l,k
t
2
h,l,k
F
ax
F
ax
β
β
2
Rk
1
1
5
2
Mf
y,R
Mf
fy,Rk h,l,k
Mf
h,l,k
d
()
f
f
()
,
+
fy,Rk h,l,k
1
11
1
4
+
f
t d
()
g
()
h,1,k
1
g
h,1,k
0.
0
.
.
f
f
f
t
t d
t d
d
(
h
)
h,2,k
2
h,2,k
h,2,k
2
42
4
ββ
42
ββ
(
(
(
(
42
ββ
42
(
(
ββ
)
)
)
f
t d
M
F
+
ββ
+
y,Rk
h,l,k
t
t
1
Rk
ax
F
ax
F
F
min
1.
1
.
.
5
f
f
h,l,k
h,l,k
t
t
t
t
t
1
21
21
(
ββ
21
(
ββ
(
2
ββ
21
β
)
ββ
(
)
β
()
(
j w
()
j w
ith
h,l,k
,
ββ
+
+
+
=
−
F
r
F
Rk
r,
(
ββ
2
2
β
4
2
β
+
f dt
h,l,
f d
h,l,
f d
1
F
f
β
2
Rk
f
h,2,k
f
h,2,k
ax
1
1
. 5
2
Mf
d
()
k
k
k
()
β
ax
,
,
Rk
()
()
k
β
+
ax
,
Rk
()
k
k
()
β
=
y,R
Mf
h,l,k
y,R
Mf
Mf
h,l,k
.
β
1
4
f
+
f
h,1,k
h,1,k
where
F
V,Rk
is the characteristic load carrying capacity per shear plane per fastener.
t
i
is the timber thickness or penetration depth
f
h,i,k
is the characteristic embedment strength in timber i for the particular type of fastener
d is the fastener diameter
M
y,R,k
is the characteristic fastener yield moment
F
ax,Rk
is the characteristic axial withdrawal capacity of the fastener.
The fi rst expression is the Johansen effect and the second, F
ax,Rk
/4 is the 'rope effect'.
Figure 19.17 Characteristic shear values for 2 and 3 member and wood-based material joints (BSI, 2004). Permission to reproduce extracts from BS
EN 1995-1-1 is granted by BSI
ttt
ttt
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
j/l
k
m
Figure 19.18 Characteristic shear values for steel plates in single and double shear (BSI, 2008). Permission to reproduce extracts from BS EN 14592 is
granted by BSI
For thick steel plates as the outer members of a double shear
connection:
f
t d
()
f
f
()
h,l,k
t
t
1
h,l,k
0.
t d
j
0
.
.
f
f
f
t
t d
d
(
)
h,l,k
1
+
4
M
F
h,l,k
h,l,k
1
y,Rk
x,Rk
F
mn
mn
F
min
f
2
1
()
=
min
f
f
h,l,k
2
+
+
mn
F
g
()
=
F
y,
F
k
f
h,l,k
h,l,k
f
h,l,k
−
F
y,R
y,R
k
y,R
2
ax,R
F
ax,R
k
h,l,k
f
h,l,k
4
g
1.
1
.
.
552
52
52
Mf
Mf
d
d
ax,R
ax,Rk
k
(
k
)
f t
+
Mf
y,R
Mf
Mf
y,R
Mf
h,2,k
Mf
h,2,k
h,2,k
Mf
h,2,k
h,l,
f d
h,l,
f d
1
4
y,R
Mf
y,R
Mf
h,2,k
Mf
h,2,k
4
F
ax,R
F
ax,R
ax,R
k
For thick steel plates as the outer members of a double shear
connection:
2.
2
.
.
Mf
Mf
y,R
Mf
fy,Rk h,l,k
Mf
h,l,k
h,l,k
d
d
ax,R
ax,Rk
k
(
h
( )
+
y,Rk
y,R
Mf
y,Rk
fy,Rk h,l,k
h,l,k
Mf
h,l,k
h,l,k
4
fy,Rk h,l,k
4
