Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.1 Metals, useful minerals and their ores
Class
Element
Mineral
Composition
Ferrous metals
Iron (Fe)
Hematite
Fe 2 O 3
Limonite, goethite
FeO.OH
Magnetite
Fe 3 O 4
Manganese (Mn)
Pyrolusite
MnO 2
Chromium (Cr)
Chromite
FeCr 2 O 4
Nickel (Ni)
Pentlandite
(Fe,Ni) 9 S 8
Garnierite
(Ni,Mg) 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4
Molybdinum(Mo)
Molybdenite
MoS 2
Vanadium (V)
Magnetite
(Fe,V) 3 O 4
Aluminium
Aluminium (Al)
Gibbsite
Al(OH) 3
Base metals
Copper (Cu)
Chalcopyrite
CuFeS 2
Chalcocite
Cu 2 S
Cuprite
Cu 2 O
Tetrahedrite
(Cu, Ag) 12 Sb 4 S 13
Malachite
CuCO 3 .Cu(OH) 2
Azurite
Native copper
Cu
Zinc (Zn)
Sphalerite
(Zn, Fe)S
Lead (Pb)
Galene
PbS
Tin (Sn)
Cassiterite
SnO 2
Precious metals
Gold (Au)
Native gold
Au
Platinum (Pt)
Alloys of platinum group
elements (PGE)
Pt, Pd, Os, Ir
Silver (Ag)
Native silver
Ag
Argentite (Ag 2 S) Ag
Energy sources
Uranium (U)
Pitchblende
UO 2
Coal (C)
Coal
C
High-technology
metals
Titanium (Ti)
Imenite
FeTiO 3
Zirconium (Zr)
Zircon
ZiSiO 4
Niobium (Nb), thorium
(Th), rare earth
elements
Monazite, apatite and rare
minerals (bastn¨site,
pollusite, etc)
Nb, Th, La, Ce, Nd
Lithium (Li)
Beryllium (Be)
Spodumene
Li-rich brine
Lepidolite beryl
(LiAlSi 2 O 6 )
Be 3 Al 2 (SiO 3 ) 6
Other elements
Barium (Ba)
Barite
BaSO 4
Fluorine (F)
Fluorite
CaF 2
Potassium (K)
Sylvite
KCl
Minerals
Diamond
C
(continued)
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