Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.1 Metals, useful minerals and their ores
Class
Element
Mineral
Composition
Ferrous metals
Iron (Fe)
Hematite
Fe
2
O
3
Limonite, goethite
FeO.OH
Magnetite
Fe
3
O
4
Manganese (Mn)
Pyrolusite
MnO
2
Chromium (Cr)
Chromite
FeCr
2
O
4
Nickel (Ni)
Pentlandite
(Fe,Ni)
9
S
8
Garnierite
(Ni,Mg)
3
Si
2
O
5
(OH)
4
Molybdinum(Mo)
Molybdenite
MoS
2
Vanadium (V)
Magnetite
(Fe,V)
3
O
4
Aluminium
Aluminium (Al)
Gibbsite
Al(OH)
3
Base metals
Copper (Cu)
Chalcopyrite
CuFeS
2
Chalcocite
Cu
2
S
Cuprite
Cu
2
O
Tetrahedrite
(Cu, Ag)
12
Sb
4
S
13
Malachite
CuCO
3
.Cu(OH)
2
Azurite
Native copper
Cu
Zinc (Zn)
Sphalerite
(Zn, Fe)S
Lead (Pb)
Galene
PbS
Tin (Sn)
Cassiterite
SnO
2
Precious metals
Gold (Au)
Native gold
Au
Platinum (Pt)
Alloys of platinum group
elements (PGE)
Pt, Pd, Os, Ir
Silver (Ag)
Native silver
Ag
Argentite (Ag
2
S) Ag
Energy sources
Uranium (U)
Pitchblende
UO
2
Coal (C)
Coal
C
High-technology
metals
Titanium (Ti)
Imenite
FeTiO
3
Zirconium (Zr)
Zircon
ZiSiO
4
Niobium (Nb), thorium
(Th), rare earth
elements
Monazite, apatite and rare
minerals (bastn¨site,
pollusite, etc)
Nb, Th, La, Ce, Nd
Lithium (Li)
Beryllium (Be)
Spodumene
Li-rich brine
Lepidolite beryl
(LiAlSi
2
O
6
)
Be
3
Al
2
(SiO
3
)
6
Other elements
Barium (Ba)
Barite
BaSO
4
Fluorine (F)
Fluorite
CaF
2
Potassium (K)
Sylvite
KCl
Minerals
Diamond
C
(continued)
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