Hydrothermal Deposits - Metals and Society: An Introduction to Economic Geology - page 111

wall rocks at higher levels in the crust; the reaction produces the distinctive
alteration zones that surround the ore veins, changes the compositions of the fluids,
and leads to deposition of gold and other minerals. Structure exerts a major control
on the location of ore deposits, guiding the passage of ore fluids and influencing the
sites of ore deposition. Preferred sites include zones of dilation at the intersections
of fault zones or in fold hinges, or zones of brecciated or sheared rock that are
contain pore spaces that are filled with secondary minerals or friable or reactive
rocks that are replaced by the ore minerals.
Carlin-type deposits : This important class of deposits is the source of most of the
gold mined in the USA. The name comes from several large deposits related to the
Carlin unconformity in Nevada. The gold, which associated with antimony, mer-
cury and thallium, is very finely disseminated in Paleozoic silty carbonate host
rocks. Ore deposition took place in the Eocene from relatively low-temperature
(150-250 C), low pH, moderately saline hydrothermal fluids. No intrusions are
associated with the deposits and opinion is divided as to whether the fluids are of
meteoric, metamorphic or magmatic origin

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