Dye-Doped Polymeric Particles for Sensing and Imaging - Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology - page 193

Dye-Doped Polymeric Particles for Sensing
and Imaging

Sergey M. Borisov, Torsten Mayr, G unter Mistlberger, and Ingo Klimant

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Abstract Dye-doped polymeric micro- and nanobeads represent smart analytical
tools that have become very popular recently. They enable noninvasive contactless
sensing and imaging of various analytical parameters on a nanoscale and are also
widely employed in composite sensing materials, in suspension arrays, and as
labels. This contribution gives an overview of materials and techniques used for
preparation of dye-doped polymeric beads. It also provides examples of bead
materials and their applications for optical sensing and imaging.

Keywords Bead Dye Imaging Luminescence Polymer Sensor

Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
2 Materials Used for Preparation of the Dye-Doped Beads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
2.1 Monomers and Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
2.2 Dyes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
2.3 Functional Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
3 Fabrication Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
3.1 Preparation of Stained Beads During Polymerization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
3.2 Staining of the Beads via Surface Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
3.3 Staining by Swelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
3.4 Preparation of Stained Beads via Precipitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
3.5 Techniques for Preparation of Dye-Doped Microbeads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
3.6 Purification of the Beads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
4 Optical Read-Out Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205