Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2 Parameters of the
imaging flight and image
processing
December 2012
Value
Number of images
47
Flying altitude (m)
106
Ground sample distance (cm)
2.3
Number of Ground control points
17
Number of Tie points
94,365
Error of the image coordinates (pix)
0.59
Point density (points/
m
2
)
299
The average error in Z (m)
0
The standard deviation (m)
0.093
RMSE
Z
(m)
0.093
Results and Discussion
Analysis of the Historical Development of the Morava River
Near the Kenicky´ Meander PLA
Anastomosis and the formation of meanders cause continuous changes in the basins
of the Morava River. Blind branches covered with soil, former river basins and their
parts are clearly visible on detailed maps and in the field. When water stops flowing
through the river basin, soil immediately begins covering the former meanders by
the accumulation of particles from the surrounding areas after floods and rainfalls
and by the collection of organic materials from the surrounding vegetation. One of
the methods for determining the historical development of river basins is investi-
gating terrain undulations in the floodplain as well as the ages of soil samples from
the former basin, which are always younger than sediments from the same depth
outside of the basin. This method can be very precise, but it is both costly and
technically demanding. A simpler method is to analyse old maps or aerial photos.
This method was used by Gre
ˇ
kov
´
(
2002
) in a morphologic investigation of the
lower course of the Morava River. This method allows the development and
character of the river course from approximately the first half of 19th century,
when the maps with larger scales and different coordinate systems began to be
produced, to be determined.
Woody Debris in the River Basin
The impact of woody debris is most important in middle-sized rivers (M´ˇka and
Krejˇ´
2006b
). Small rivers are crossed by large pieces of wood, and the impact of
woody debris on large rivers is negligible due to size of the river basin. A tree or
part of a tree may fall into a river because of several factors: water erosion, wind,
