Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
task
route traversal
sketch map
0.0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Landmark group
Fig. 3 Comparison of the relative frequencies of the landmark groups between the thinking aloud
during route traversal and sketch maps. The
error bars
depict a 95 % confidence interval for
percentile bootstrap medians
Comparison Between Tasks
The participants used the landmark groups with differing relative frequencies while
thinking aloud during the route traversal and in the sketch maps (Fig.
3
). In the day
condition, we recorded statistically significant differences for the “Passages”
(median difference 19.7 pps;
V
0,
p
0.001) and “Structures” (6.1 pps;
V
10,
¼
¼
¼
p
0.04) landmark groups, which were used more in the sketch maps and “Signs”
(10.8 pps;
V
¼
45,
p
0.01), “Trees and parts of trees” (7.2 pps;
V
65,
p
0.002)
¼
¼
¼
¼
and “Landforms” (6.0 pps;
V
0.03), which were used more while thinking
aloud during the route traversal. In the night condition, the participants used
“Passages” (13.7 pps;
V
57,
p
¼
¼
0,
p
0.001) and “Structures” (12.4 pps;
V
4,
¼
¼
¼
p
¼
0.007) more in the sketch maps at
the statistically significant
level, and
“Signs” (14.7 pps;
V
66,
p
0.001), “Trees and parts of trees” (6.5 pps;
V
¼
¼
¼
65,
p
0.002) and “Rocks” (2.5 pps;
V
52,
p
¼
¼
¼
0.01) more in the thinking aloud
during route traversal.
Discussion
The presented study investigated differences in the perception and recall of land-
marks along nature routes between day and night. Significant differences were
found in the perception of individual landmark types and landmark groups, whereas
no differences were present in the recall as measured by sketch maps.
