Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1 The 15 landmarks that were most used in the day and night conditions
Relative
frequency
b
(%)
Relative
frequency
b
(%)
Number of
participants
a
Day
landmark
Night
landmark
Number of
participants
a
Rank
11
13.3
Road
1
Route
mark
13.7
11
9
9.1
Route
mark
2
Road
11.1
11
9
7.1
River
3
River
5.1
11
11
6.2
Fallen
tree
4
Signboard
4.6
10
8
4.8
Info board
5
Fallen
tree
4.3
11
11
4.3
Hill
6
Hill
3.9
11
11
3.6
Footpath
7
Outdoor
track
3.9
11
10
3.4
Outdoor
track
8
Info board
3.4
11
7
3.2
Signboard
9
Spruce
trees
3.3
11
8
2.8
Hillside
10
Bare rock
area
3.2
9
11
2.7
Boat
shore
11
Hillside
3.2
9
10
2.6
Underpass
12
Underpass
2.8
11
10
2.6
Spruce
trees
13
Footpath
2.7
11
11
2.6
Bridge
14
Boulder
2.7
9
9
2.6
Water
15
Bridge
2.5
11
a
The number of participants who mentioned the landmark (out of 11 per condition)
b
The relative frequency of a landmark compared to the total number of landmarks in the respective
time of day condition
The participants used some landmarks only during one of the conditions. During
the day, these were “water slide”, “graffiti”, “leaning tree”, “traffic island”, “court-
yard” and “slope ramp” (3 out of 6 in the “Structures” group). Most of these
landmarks were distant or wide and thus impossible to see in the darkness even
with the headlamp. At night, “pine”, “conifer trees”, “tall grass”, “bushes”, “goat
willow”, “flat” and “boulder field” (3 out of 7 in the “Land cover” group and 2 in the
“Trees or parts of trees”). It seems that vegetation landmarks hit by the spotlight
were often mentioned in the night condition, whereas they did not stand out during
the day.
The most used landmarks were mainly the same during the day and at night
(Table
1
). Among the 15 most used landmark concepts, 13 were exactly the same in
both conditions (exceptions being “boat shore” and “water” during the day and
“bare rock area” and “boulder” at night).
