Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
pilot
s flight bag. It carries the documentation pilots must have with them during a
flight, such as flight manuals, operation manuals, and navigational plates. This size
of this bag can range from a navigation briefcase used in transport airplanes to a
small publications bag used in fighter aircraft. Some fighter pilots use the G-suit
pockets to hold many of the publications—but for various reasons this not the best
place for them for instance, in support of a safe ejection (Fitzsimmons
2002
). The
EFB can be a part of aircraft navigation equipment or a portable electronic device
(PED) such as a tablet. EFBs are coming into the flight deck and bringing along
with them a wide range of issues and opportunities. In order to understand the full
impact of EFB, it is important to study how crews might use these devices and their
opinions of them (Chandra and Yeh
2003
).
'
Smart Legend
Cartographic legends are traditionally intended to explain the content of a map. It
provides a summary of symbols, codes, names of variables, and other information
from the map (Sieber et al.
2005
). However, if we assign an interactive function to
the map legend, through which a user can control features to be displayed, the
map
s capacity to include information of different types grows. This smart function
optimally, clearly, and comprehensively describes the content of the map. As
reported by Dykes et al. (
2010
) creating a legend in cartography generally relies
on a subjective assessment of a maps use and the experience, knowledge, and
preferences of the user group. In other words, cartographers must rely to their
good judgment.
In the classical approach when working with a map, some initial understanding
of the map elements is expected. This approach has been used for decades and
seems to be encumbered with certain conventions. A large portion of the carto-
graphic community are unlikely to accept a legend created and edited by the user
according to his needs and knowledge; furthermore his professional experience will
not be considered, it is only his cartographic expertise (or lack thereof) that is
important. In
1997
, Kraak et al. describe the possibility, and the certain potential in
user interaction with a map, through its legend. In his article he suggests inserting a
legend in order to prevent dividing the attention of the user. He also suggests the
possibility of changing the map background in response to the time of day. Midtbø
(
2003
) describes legends used to choose map content by a click of the mouse. In
addition to these methods Peterson (
1999
) used the term “active legend” as an
interface between the user and interactive map animations. As part of his research
he examines the use and design of active legends for interactive cartographic
animation. By using an active legend he displays animations on the map. Worm
(
2001
) showed that the map legend could be moved around the map, as well as in
the map. It uses reverse connection between the map and the legend; a click in the
map leads to highlighting of certain elements in the legend.
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