Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Other Digital Databases
• Budapest-2000 and Budapest-4000 digital cadastral maps were created in 1993
in 1:2,000 and in 1:4,000 scales both as blocks and line segmented maps
(including underground features).
• Gazetteer of the Hungarian Geographic Names (FNT) was created from the large
scale topographic maps including 39 different name types including the follow-
ing names: cities, districts, smaller rural areas, protected areas, hydrographic
and relief features, man-made objects. Names are linked to their location by
geographic coordinates. The second version of this database is still under
construction and will be expanded with the names of the 1:10,000 scale
topographic maps.
• One of the most frequently used databases is the administrative borders of
Hungary (region, county, municipality, settlement level). This database is avail-
able in various scales; the accuracy of the geographic coordinates is 1 m in the
largest scale. FNT is part of the spatial data infrastructure of Hungary.
• Street maps of Hungary (DSM) were based on the DTA-50. All relevant map
features were replaced by the GPS-based fieldwork-checked versions. The most
important element of the DSM is the address (street numbers) and the transpor-
tation database, which includes all state and municipal road sections. The
database has been updated four times a year.
In the frame of the European Union integration programme of the Department of
Lands and Mapping, different projects were launched by the Institute of Geod-
esy, Cartography and Remote Sensing in 2000. The archives contain about 7,000
aerial photos at scale 1:30,000, which are available in analogue and digital
forms. These photographs have been continuously updated (Winkler 2004 ).
Legal Issues
A law on land surveys and cartography was issued in 1996. The law set out the
duties of the State and regulated land surveys and cartographic activities in order to
create a framework for such activities and to provide a professional and efficient
service. The responsible bodies, in addition to the Ministries of Agriculture and of
Defence, are the district land offices, county land offices, military cartographic
institutes and the central land survey organ with national competencies.
This law prescribes to use the state base map for any GI database in Hungary as
mandatory. The law divides the state obligation task of the geodetic control
networks, of the state surveying base maps and the state topographic maps of
1:10,000 scale to the civilian Mapping Agency, and the state topographic maps of
the scales smaller than 1:10,000 to the Hungarian Defence Forces.
One of the most important items of this law is to describe the duties of the state
concerning the mapping and the clear definition of
the civil and military
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