Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
Requirement
analysis
Design
Development
Testing
Change
request
Deployment
Standard waterfall model
Figure 7.1
The original waterfall model.
Standard Waterfall
The standard waterfall model (Figure 7.1) is divided into a set of non-
overlapping, sequential phases that correspond to:
Requirements analysis and specification
Design
Development and implementation
Testing and quality control
Integration and deployment
(Optional) operation and maintenance
The waterfall approach works if there is complete, or almost complete,
information at the beginning of the project, with little or no change during
the development (of the project). There is no concept of going back
between phases, something that happens all the time in practice.
Waterfall with Feedback
This model has the same phases as the standard waterfall but includes
feedback between phases for the team to go back to a previous phase if
a problem is encountered (Figure 7.2).
This model is still sequential. Although there is a feedback loop, it
allows one to go back to an immediately earlier step only. The process
