Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
24
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety related to the Biodiversity Convention, 2000,
http://bch.cbd.int/protocol/
25
The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable
Sharing of Benefi ts Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological
Diversity, 2011,
http://www.cbd.int/abs/doc/protocol/nagoya-protocol-en.pdf
26
This was because Article 25(1) requires a suffi cient number of the major polluters
to become parties to the Convention, instead of a simple number of states: 'This
Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not
less than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I
which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emis-
sions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments
of ratifi cation, acceptance, approval of accession.'
27
Carbon sinks are carbon dioxide reservoirs. The soil, forests and the surface layers
of seas naturally absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Further reading
Fitzmaurice, M., 'Compliance with the 1992 Convention on the Protection of the
Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (the “Helsinki Convention”)', in U. Beyerlin,
P. Stoll and R. Wolfrum (eds),
Ensuring Compliance with Multilateral Environmental
Agreements: Academic Analysis and Views from Practice
, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, 2006.
Hakapää, K.,
Marine Pollution in International Law: Material Obligations and Jurisdiction
with Special Reference to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
, Finn-
ish Academy of Science and Letters, 1981.
International Law Commission,
Conclusions of the Work of the Study Group on the Frag-
mentation of International Law: Diffi culties arising from the Diversifi cation and Expansion
of International Law
, 2006, at
http://untreaty.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/
Keohane, R. and Victor, D.,
The Regime Complex for Climate Change
, 2010,
http://
Koskenniemi, M. and Leino, P., 'Fragmentation of International Law? Postmodern
Anxieties',
Leiden Journal of International Law
, 15, 2002, pp. 553-79.
Melkas, E.,
Kyoto Protocol Flexibility Mechanisms and the Changing Role of Sovereign States
,
University of Turku, 2008,
http://www.doria.fi /bitstream/handle/10024/38581/
Rothwell, D.R. and Stephens, T.,
The International Law of the Sea
, Oxford: Hart Pub-
lishing, 2010.
Warner, R. and Schofi eld, C. (eds),
Climate Change and the Oceans
, Cheltenham: Ed-
ward Elgar, 2012.
Websites
Professor Cymie R. Payne's video lectures on international environmental law:
http://
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change:
http://unfccc.int/
Search WWH ::
Custom Search