Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Environmental disturbance regimes
Biotic responses
Vegetational patterns
10
9
Global terrestrial
vegetation
Plate
tectonics
Evolution
of the biota
MEGASCALE
FM
zone
10
6
Glacial-
interglacial
climatic
cycles
MACROSCALE
Ecosystem change
Speciation
Extinction
Species migration
MICRO-
SCALE
10
3
Climatic fluctuations
Human activities
Type
Secondary
succession
Gap phase
Replacement
Competition
Productivity
Stand
Subtype
Tree
Fire regime
Pathogen outbreak
S
*Disturbance events
H
10
0
10
0
10
4
10
8
10
12
10
0
10
4
10
8
10
12
10
0
10
4
10
8
10
12
Spatial scale (m
2
)
Fig. 4.1
Environmental disturbance regimes, biotic responses and vegetational patterns viewed in the context of space-time domains in which the
scale for each process or pattern reflects the sampling intervals required to observe it. FM, formation zone; H, herb; S, shrub. From Shugart (1998);
after Delcourt
et al.
(1983). Reproduced by permission of Elsevier.
