Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation - Afforestation, Reforestation and Forest Restoration in Arid and Semi-arid Tropics - page 210

Chapter 9
Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation

Abstract Planning of operations in an afforestation programme requires careful
consideration of the sequential nature of the work execution as well as dependence
of the actual work upon natural events such as onset of the rainy season. Monitoring
requires keeping a watch on progress, quality and success of the programme. It is a
constant process and not a one-time exercise. Field data is captured through a system
of networked channels, and is test-checked and cross-checked for consistency. Eval-
uation of progress and quality of work is an exercise in comparing the results with
the prescribed standards, and the aims and objectives of the programme. Consequent
to evaluation, a review may be called for. Review can aim at changes in strategy,
technology, management practices or any other component or subsystem of the pro-
gramme. Review may also mean fine-tuning certain activities or components of the
programme. Comprehensive reviews may call for total redrafting of the programme
or its scrapping altogether. This shows how important the task of monitoring is.

9.1 Planning Time-Critical Activities

Timeliness is the most important factor in successful management of afforestation
programmes. It is not just a question of delays or of hiked costs or missed commit-
ments; rather, timeliness by itself decides failure or success of the project. Time once
lost will come one year later in the same season, and growth of the plants that has
been forgone will never be made good. It is important therefore to understand the
seasonal nature of activities and their correct timings, and to schedule these activi-
ties in such a manner that the critical path is not hit. It is desirable to have extensive
calendars of operations and to follow them as far as possible.

9.1.1 Identifying Time-Critical Activities

Procurement of materials needed for a nursery can lead to delays marring timely
operation of sowing. Plant containers (polypots or root-trainers) should be procured at
least one month ahead of the date of sowing, properly checked in quantity and quality
and then stored safely. Potting medium (manure, clay, and sand, as appropriate)
should be procured, transported, checked for quality, and stocked in the nursery well