Soil and Water Conservation Works - Afforestation, Reforestation and Forest Restoration in Arid and Semi-arid Tropics - page 101

Minimum Free-board
Normal Free-board

Crest Level
Original Ground Profile

Stripping
Line

Bed-rock

Profile of Stream-bed

Streambank Contours

3 m Wide Top

Width of Embankment
at Ground Varies
as Does Height

Plan View

t

f

2.5:1

Riprap on Upstream Slope
Laid on Mines Waste

2:1

h

Key
Trench

d

1:1

a b c

p q p

Section of Embankment

Values of Parameters Shown: An Example

a = 9.50 m
b = 8.00 m
c = 4.00 m

d = 2.00 m
p = 1.25 m
q = 1.50 m

h = 5.00 m
f = 1.00 m
t = 3.00 m

Rip-rap thickness = 0.30 m
Crest: mines-waste = 0.10 m
camber = 0.15 m

Guide to Quick Estimation of Cost of Embankment

Height (m):
Cost/m (mdeq):

1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00

3.00 6.00 10.00 16.00 25.00

Fig. 5.8 Earthen embankment

ground with two parallel lines and a centre line. Surface excavation is carried out
for foundation-stripping to a suitable depth, so that all organic matter and loose
permeable soil is removed. A key trench—meant to cut off subsoil flow of water—is
excavated as provided for in the design. Construction of the embankment is then