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soluble mediators. The proteomic analysis indicated that around 40% of
P. gingivalis
proteins exhibit changes in abundance in a community with
F. nucleatum
and
S.
gordonii
, implying extensive interactions among the organisms. The proteomic results
were consistent with the formation of a favorable environment in a
P. gingivalis-F.
nucleatum-S. gordonii
community, wherein
P. gingivalis
showed evidence of in-
creased protein synthesis and decreased stress. Moreover, nutrient transfer may occur
among the constituents of the community. As evidenced by hmuR, these proteins may
have a functional role in the development of multi-species communities and ultimately
shape the pathogenic potential of plaque.
KEYWORDS
•
Bacterial adaptation
•
Fusobacterium nucleatum
•
Porphyromonas gingivalis
•
Protein relative abundances
•
Streptococcus gordonii
AUTHORS' CONTRIBUTIONS
Masae Kuboniwa carried out the community construction and analysis by confocal
microscopy; Erik L. Hendrickson did the pathway analysis; Qiangwei Xia and Tiansong
Wang performed the protein biochemistry, separations, and mass spectrometry; Hua
Xie constructed the hmuR mutant; Murray Hackett and Richard J. Lamont conceived
the experiments.Murray Hackett, Erik L. Hendrickson, Masae Kuboniwa, and Richard
J. Lamont wrote the manuscript. Masae Kuboniwa and Erik L. Hendrickson contrib-
uted equally.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by NIDCR research grants DE14372, DE12505, and
DE11111, and by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)(20592453) from the Min-
istry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. We thank the
Institute for Systems Biology and Nittin Baliga for the use of Gaggle and assistance
with the pathway analysis. We thank Fred Taub for the FileMaker database and assis-
tance with the figures. We thank LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) and Gary
Xie in particular for bioinformatics support.
