Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Sucrose
Starch
Inversion
Enzymatic conversion
Invert sugar
Glucose (97%-100%)
Starch syrup (50% glucose)
Glucose/
fructose
Isomerization
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation
Raw solutions
Raw solutions
Raw solutions
Purification, concentration
Purification, concentration
Purification, concentration
Sorbitol liquid
Sorbitol syrup noncrystallizing
Sorbitol-mannitol concentrate
Dehydration, crystallization,
spray drying
Dehydration, crystallization
Crystal mannitol
Crystal sorbitol
(a)
CH
2
OH
HO
C
H
HO
C
H
H
C
OH
H
C
OH
CH
2
OH
(b)
Figure 3.9
(a) Production of sorbitol and mannitol. (b) Mannitol structure.
substitute for diabetic foods; for sugar-free items such as chocolates, dragées, tablets, chewing gum,
and illed hard candy; for reduced-calorie sweetening agents; and for infusion solutions used in
parenteral nutrition. Sorbitol liquid and sorbitol syrup serve as softeners and moisture stabilizers for
confectionery of all types: marzipan; cakes and pastries; aroma substances; delicacies; mayonnaise
and dressings; products made of ish, shrimp, and roe; baking emulsiiers; candied fruits; sauer-
kraut; natural and artiicial skins; ice cream; enzyme preparations; tonics; and tobacco products.
The concentration of sorbitol powder used is usually 10%-100%, depending on the food. Sorbitol
liquid and sorbitol syrup are employed in concentrations of 5%-10% (Burt 2006; Petersen and
Razanamihaja 1999). Sorbitol syrup is preferred over glycerol in the production of water-containing
cosmetics such as creams, ointments, emulsions, lotions, gels, and especially toothpastes (Petersen
and Razanamihaja 1999; Schiweck et al. 2011). Depending on the desired effect, the concentration
required is 3%-5% for water stabilization and 10%-20% for softening effects. Sorbitol can also be
used in pharmaceutical preparations (Grenby et al. 1989). Sorbitol powder has gained acceptance as
a tablet excipient (Gwilt et al. 1963). As a result of its surface structure, spray-dried sorbitol is espe-
cially suitable for the uniform binding of solid agents. It can be molded directly into tablets without
Search WWH ::
Custom Search