Genetically Modified Herbicide-Tolerant Crops and Sugar Beet—Environmental and Health Concerns - Sweeteners: Nutritional Aspects, Applications, and Production Technology - page 367

Chapter 12
Genetically Modiied herbicide-tolerant Crops and
Sugar Beet—environmental and health Concerns
The Case of Genetically Modiied High-Fructose Corn Syrup
Theodoros Varzakas and Vasiliki Pletsa
CONteNtS
12.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 368
12.2 EnvironmentalandHealthConcerns.................................................................................... 370
12.2.1 Environment............................................................................................................. 370
12.2.2 Health........................................................................................................................ 373
12.3 RiskAssessmentofGeneticallyModiiedCrops................................................................. 375
12.3.1 CoexistenceandTraceability.................................................................................... 375
12.4 Detection............................................................................................................................... 376
12.4.1 MethodsforGenomeAnalysis................................................................................. 379
12.4.1.1 RestrictionFragmentLengthPolymorphism............................................. 379
12.4.1.2 AmpliiedFragmentLengthPolymorphism.............................................. 380
12.4.1.3 SerialAnalysisofGeneExpression........................................................... 380
12.4.1.4 Microarrays................................................................................................ 381
12.4.1.5 RandomAmpliicationofPolymorphicDNA........................................... 382
12.4.1.6 Real-TimePolymeraseChainReaction..................................................... 382
12.4.1.7 NuclearMagneticResonance.................................................................... 383
12.4.2 MetabolicEngineeringandBiotransformation........................................................ 383
12.5 GeneticallyModiiedHerbicide-ResistantSugarBeet......................................................... 384
12.6 GeneticallyModiiedCornSyrup........................................................................................ 385
12.6.1 HowHigh-FructoseCornSyrupIsMade................................................................. 385
12.6.2 ProsandConsofHigh-FructoseCornSyrup........................................................... 386
12.6.3 High-FructoseCornSyrup—GeneticallyModiied................................................. 387
12.6.4 GeneticEngineering—StarchandEnzymes............................................................ 388
12.6.5 UseasaReplacementforSugar............................................................................... 388
12.7 Conclusion............................................................................................................................ 388
References...................................................................................................................................... 389
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