Quality Control of Sweeteners: Production, Handling, and Storage - Sweeteners: Nutritional Aspects, Applications, and Production Technology - page 262

9.7.2 Determination of Nonreducing Sugars

Nonreducing sugars (saccharose) can be determined using the Lane-Eynon titration if they
areconvertedtoreducingsugars.Forexample,saccharosecanbeconvertedintoareducingsugar
throughinversionwhenitishydrolyzedintoglucoseandfructose.
Therearedifferentmethodsofinversion,differingintemperatureconditions,hydrolysistime,
andhydrolysisagents,whichcouldbeeitheranacidoranenzyme.

9.8 QUaLItY CONtrOL IN SUGarS

Qualitycontrolinsugarsisnecessaryinmanyfoodindustriesusingsugarasarawmaterial,suchas
confections,biscuits,icecream,andcandies.SugarspeciicationsareshowninTable9.2.TheInternational
CommissionforUniformMethodsofSugarAnalysis(ICUMSA)hassuggestedcertainparameters:

• Densityofcrystals

• Totalsolidsdetermination

• Invertedsugarconcentration

• Colordetermination

ComparisonbetweendifferentsugarsisshowninTable9.3.

9.8.1 Density of Crystals

Theuseofsugarsinmanyfoodsrequirestheknowledgeofotherparameters:

• Sizeofcrystals

• Numberofcrystalspergram

• Outsidesurfaceofcrystals

Thisknowledgeisrequiredfortheproductionofmixtures'solubilityspeed.Densityisaffected
bythesizeandnumberofcrystals,theuniformityofsizeandshape,andtheformationofincorpora-
tions.Durationaftersugarproductionplaysanimportantroleinthequalityofinesugar.Themore
groundtheinesugaris,themorelightitbecomes,andthelowerdensityithas.Onthecontrary,
theoldertheproductionofsugaris,themorecohesiveandclotteditbecomes,andthehigherthe
densityis.Theratioofweight/volume(ingramspermilliliter)givesthedensityofsugarcrystals.

table 9.2 Sugar Speciications

physicochemical parameters Value
Color 60 ICUMSA Units (IU)
Saccharose Min 99.7%
Inverted sugars Max 0.04%
Ash Max 0.04%
Moisture Max 0.1%
SO 2 Max 20 mg/kg
Arsenic (As) Max 1 mg/kg
Copper (Cu) Max 2 mg/kg
Lead (Pb) Max 2 mg/kg
Note: ICUMSA, International Commission for Uniform Methods of
Sugar Analysis.