Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
products.Theyareexclusivelyusedforlow-calorieintakethathelpsobeseconsumerstomaintain
theirweight.Itisalsomedicallysuggestedtodiabeticstousefoodscontainingthesetwoartiicial
sweetenersinsteadofsugar.
A substantial number of low-calorie beverages, however, are sweetened with mixtures of
ACS-KandASP.ThecombinationofACS-KandASPhasledtoanimprovementofthequality
ofsweetenedproducts.Insoftdrinks,acombinationofthesetwohasfoundabroadapplication.
Theproductionanduseofcombinationofthesetwosweetenerstocreateamixtureinwhicheach
molecule contains both sweeteners are constantly rising. The compounds that contain combined
sweetenersarecalled“twinsweets.”Thereasonsformarketingthesecompoundsareobvious.These
twosweetenerstogetheroffertwoveryimportantadvantagesforthefoodindustries.“Twinsweets”
offeragreatersweetnessstabilityandlongerstabilityascomparedwiththeindividualuseofASP
orACS-K.ASPandACS-Kexhibitquantitativesynergy.Whenthesetwoartiicialsweetenersare
usedtogether,theyprovideamorepotentsweetenerthanwhentheyareusedindependently.These
beverages beneit from a synergism and an improved taste that is provided by such blends. For
example,asweetnesslevelequivalenttoapproximately10%ofsucroseinbeverageisreplacedby
concentrationsintherangeof500-600mg/LofACS-KorASP.Ifablendofthetwosweeteners
isused,thesamesweetnesslevelcanbeachievedbyusingonly160mg/Lofeachofthesesweet-
eners.Theblendtoachievethisisabout60:40(%)ofASP-ACS-K,whichinrealityisaunimolar
ratio.ACS-Khasagoodsolubilityinwater,andtherefore,highlyconcentratedsolutionssuitablefor
householdusecanbemanufactured.Noproblemsofstabilityhavetobeanticipatedforsolutionsin
normalstorageconditions.Similarly,noproblemshavebeenreportedforthedissolutionoftablets
or powders. When blending ACS-K with other intense sweeteners for beverage applications, the
blendratiomaydependondifferentfactorsincludingthelavororlavortype.Forthisreason,in
orange-lavoredbeverages,consideringthetimeintensitycurvesofsweetnessandfruitinesssimilar
tosucrose-sweetenedbeverages,blendsofACS-KandASP(40:60)havebeenused.Inraspberry-
lavoredbeveragescontainingnaturallavors,40:60to25:75(ACS-K/ASP)blendratiosareconsid-
eredoptimum,whereasinbeverageswithartiicialraspberrylavors,blendratiosof50:50to20:80
areconsideredoptimum.Nowadays,emergingtrendsinbeveragesincludereplacementofsugarin
fullysugaredbeverageswithintensesweetenerslikeACS-K.Thesetwosweetenersareauthorized
foruseintheEuropeanUnion(EU)andtheUnitedStates.
ASPisreferredtoasa“irst-generationsweetener.”Thisgenerationwasfollowedbyasecond
generationofsweeteners;ACS-Kbelongsinthissecondgeneration.However,thenewsweeteners
havesimilarlimitationstotheolderones.Thetasteisoftenaccompaniedbyabitterandmetallic
aftertasteanddoesnotprovidethesametasteofregularsugar.Akeyattributethatdistinguishes
sweetenersfromotheringredientsistheircharacteristicandpleasurablesweettasteandintensity.
Thestandardforcomparingsweetnessissucrose.Thesweetnessvalueassignedtosucroseiseither
100or1.0,dependinguponthescaleorscoringsystemused(Helstad2006).ASP-acesulfamedis-
solvescompletelyinsalivaandgastricjuice.Althoughthissaltmainlyconsistsofthetwoapproved
sweeteners, it is considered as a separate compound, which requires speciic approval in certain
countries.IntheEU,itispartoftheProposedAmendmenttotheSweetenersDirectivethatwas
adoptedin2004.ItisapprovedintheUnitedStates,Canada,UnitedKingdom,Mexico,Russia,and
China.
4.6 CYCLaMate
Among artiicial sweeteners are the modern noncaloric alternatives to sugars that are widely
usedthroughouttheworld.Cyclamate(cyclohexylsulfamicacidmonosodiumsalt)isanartiicial
sweetenerthatis35timessweeterthansugar.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinlow-caloriefoodsandbever-
ages.Theusageofsodiumcyclamatehasbeenthecenterofcontroversyduringthelastfewdecades
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