Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Unit
Case
(Unit)
M-
Low
(Unit)
M-High
(Unit)
UEV
(seJ/
unit)
Case
emergy
flow
(× 10
14
seJ)
M-Low
emergy
flow
(× 10
14
seJ)
M-High
emergy
flow
(× 10
14
seJ)
Distribution Phase
q
29
Diesel
J
1.6
2.8 ×
10
10
1.8 ×
10
5d
28.6
50.3
30
Gasoline
J
0.0
1.6 ×
10
10
1.9 ×
10
5d
0.0
29.6
31
Electricity
J
0.0
3.6 ×
10
9
2.9 ×
10
5f
0.0
10.5
32
Natural Gas
J
0.0
4.6 ×
10
9
6.8 ×
10
4d
0.0
3.2
33
Machinery
(van)
km
5.7 ×
10
3
0.0
2.5 ×
10
10 o
1.4
0.0
34
Machinery
(truck)
tkm
0.0
1.5 ×
10
4
4.1 ×
10
9p
0.0
0.6
SUM
30.0
94.2
35
LABOR AND
SERVICE
(L&S)
q
£
8.7 ×
10
4
1.5 ×
10
5
4.0 ×
10
12f
3451.1
5,854.9
SUM Purchased materials (M)
357.0
442.9
439.0
SUM Feedback from economy
(M + L&S)
3808.2
6297.8
6293.9
TOTAL EMERGY USED (U)
with L&S
3863.0
6375.8
6330.9
TOTAL EMERGY USED (U)
without L&S
411.9
520.9
476.1
a
By definition,
b
Odum (2000) [46],
c
Odum (2000) [47],
d
Brown et al (2011) [48],
e
Buranakarn (1998) [49],
f
NEAD database [50],
g
This study. Based on input of 20 cm3
peat and 1/774 l diesel per seedling [31],
h
Coppola (2009) [51],
i
This study, based on total
M-High emergy use (less emergy for distribution phase and seed potato), allocated based
on the yields and share of cultivated area used for main crop potato,
j
Buenfil (1998) [52],
k
Odum (1996) [23],
l
Brandt-Williams (2002) [53],
m
Kamp (2011) [54],
n
Bargigli (2003)
[55], ° This study. Weight of vehicle: 1500 kg, lifetime 500.000 km and same transformity
as for tractors,
p
This study. Transformity per tkm calculated based on Pulselli (2008) [56].
q
M-Low and M-High have identical distribution system and need the same L&S calculated
based on the consumer prices.
