Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
gross benefits for farming. Therefore, organic farming for rice production
may help not only to mitigate global warming by carbon sequestration,
but also to establish a sustainable food system in Indonesia. Although,
land owners and farmers can increase their profits by converting conven-
tional farming to organic farming, the workers must work harder and they
receive relatively little added benefit due to the sharecropping system.
Therefore, political and social incentives will be required based on the
common understanding that management of soil and agro-ecosystems will
be essential to develop a society in this century where nature and humans
coexist.
REFERENCES
1. Gliessman, S.R. Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food System; CRC
press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2006.
2. Pimentel, D.; Harvey, C.; Resosudarmo, P.; Sinclair, K.; Kurz, D.; McNair, M.;
Crist, S.; Shpritz, L.; Fitton, L.; Saffouri, R.; Blair. R. Environmental and economic
costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits. Science 1995, 267; 1117-1122.
3. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthe-
sis; World Resource Institute: Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
4. Syuaib, M.F. Perspective of sustainable agriculture in Indonesia: Keep growing
in harmony with environment. In Final Report of International Post Graduate GP
Workshop on “From Environmental to Sustainable Science: Thinking the Shift and
the Role of Asian Agricultural Science”; Ibaraki University: Ibaraki, Japan, 2009;
pp. 93-99.
5. Syuaib, M.F. Farming system in Indonesia and its carbon balance feature. In Final
Report of International Symposium “Food and Environmental Preservation in Asian
Agriculture”; Ibaraki University: Ibaraki, Japan, 2006; pp. 26-30.
6. Komatsuzaki, M.; Ohta, H. Soil management practice for sustainable agroecosys-
tem. Sustain. Sci. 2007, 2, 103-120.
7. Heieh, S.C. Organic farming for sustainable agriculture in Asia with special refer-
ence to Taiwan experience, 2005; Available online: http://www.agnet.org/library/
eb/558/ (accessed on 31 January 2010).
8. Lal, R. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food secu-
rity. Science 2004, 304, 1623-1627.
9. Marriott, E.E.; Wander, M.M. Total and labile soil organic matter in organic and
conventional farming systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2006, 70, 950-959.
10. Pimentel, D.; Hepperly, P.; Hanson, J.; Douds, D.; Seidel, R. Environmental, en-
ergetic, and economic comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems.
BioScience 2005, 55, 573-582.
