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Fig. 1.8 Training and
processing schemes for
Mixca modelling
hierarchical algorithm in impact-echo data produced an appropriate classification
tree
discriminating
different
levels
of
detail
for
the
material
condition
classification.
The contributions in
Sects. 1.3.1
and
1.3.2
provide an extensive range of
application scenarios. Figure
1.8
shows the training and processing scenarios for
modelling using Mixca (
Sect. 1.3.1
) and hierarchical clustering defined in this
section. The applications that are included in the thesis correspond to off-line
processing and the different kinds of supervised training.
1.3.3 New Applications of ICA and ICAMM
The design of an accurate model to 'explain' a real physical phenomenon is a
complex work. The designer has to match the assumptions and beliefs of a the-
oretical generative model with observed data. Actually, this in itself could be the
principal objective of a thesis; however, we have not focused on this in the
practical part of the thesis. On the contrary, we have pursued an exploratory
objective in new fields of applications of ICA and ICAMM. Thus, we have applied
the developed methods to five quite different pattern recognition problems besides
the image clustering and segmentation problem explained in
Sect. 1.3.2
. Different
levels of theoretical modelling have been approached for these problems. The
novelty and usefulness of the explored applications are guaranteed since they arise
from the development of research and engineering projects (see
Sect. 1.2
). The
contributions for the real-world problems treated in the thesis are explained below.
1.3.3.1 Quality Control of Materials Using Impact-Echo Testing
In impact-echo testing, a material is hit by a hammer and the response is measured
by a set of sensors located at the surface of the material [
61
]. The ICA-impact-echo
model for materials containing point defects formulated in [
86
] is extended to
defects with different shapes, such as cracks or holes, and the determination of the
quality condition of homogeneous and defective materials is defined as an ICA
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