Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
is placed into operation and completed its “break-in.” Then, on a routine
time interval basis the analysis should be repeated and the new results
compared to the previous readings. Changes in the vibration signature
means that some component within the equipment has changed it vibra-
tion characteristic, implying wear or damage that may mean near term
failure and the need for maintenance.
Vibration analysis can be applied to any rotating equipment, such as
motors, pumps, and fans within buildings. Water chillers are also prime
candidates for vibration analysis.
Infrared Scanning
Infrared, or thermal (“thermographic”), scanning can identify “hot
spots” that signify the need for maintenance. Bearings, boilers, heat ex-
changers, motors, hot piping, and electrical panels and switchgear (in-
cluding transformers) should be routinely surveyed (every 3-5 years) to
identify the locations where the temperatures are too high and mainte-
nance is required.
Ultrasound Scanning
Ultrasound transmitters emit a very high frequency sound wave.
Echoes produced by this sound wave reflecting from materials or compo-
nents can then be received and evaluated to determine the thickness and
density of the material being tested. Ultrasonic analysis will also identify
voids, cracks, or pits that may exist.
Ultrasound scanning has a wide range of applications in building
maintenance:
1. Failing motors, fans, and pumps within the building HVAC and
plumbing systems can be quickly identified and traced to bearing
problems, drive or coupling wear, etc.
2. Leaks in HVAC systems can often be found using ultrasonic testing
long before the leak becomes audible or visible to the maintenance
staff.
3. Valve malfunctions and internal oil leaks (bypass) within hydraulic
elevators.
4. In high voltage electrical systems, corona discharge problems can be
located based on ultrasound produced.
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