Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 5.
σ -H S
diagram in the Black Sea upper anoxic zone (stations are shown in Fig. 2).
θ
2
4. BLACK SEA BOTTOM CONVECTIVE LAYER
The existence of homogeneous bottom water mass (bottom convective layer)
at water depths below 1740-1800 m is first reported based on detailed CTD
profiling by Murray et al. [60], and since then it has been intensively stud-
ied [22-24, 30, 37, 55, 67, 106, 107]. Based on our data obtained in 1999-
2002 in the north-eastern Black Sea, the bottom water mass was characterized
by the following parameters: potential temperature θ=8.883-8.888
◦
C, salinity
S=22.330-22.334, and potential density σ
θ
=17.233-17.236 kg m
−
3
. Murray et
al. [60] gives the following characteristics of the bottom convective layer in
the western Black Sea: θ=8.895-8.897
◦
C, S=22.336-22.338, and σ
θ
=17.235-
17.236 kg m
−
3
. Volkov and Falina [24] have concluded that on average the
water column below 500 m is about 0.01
◦
C warmer and 0.003-0.005 saltier in
