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Fig. 7
Insurance example
stating that it is obliged to pay compensation in case of accidents. Thus, the value
exchange will be labeled with “C”, not “O”. Furthermore, the diagram shows a
value exchange from a financial supervisory authority to the insurance company.
The meaning of this exchange is that the authority gives the company a license, a
right, to operate in the insurance market, i.e. a power to establish insurance contracts
with customers. Thus, the value exchange will be labeled with “Po”, not “O”.
Guideline 2 : For each value exchange representing the granting of a claim, intro-
duce a pair of value interfaces including a value exchange representing the pleading
of the claim.
A value exchange representing a claim means that one actor has a duty to carry
out some action for the benefit of another actor. However, this action is usually
not included in the value interfaces containing the claim granting value exchange.
Therefore, the meaning of the claim is not represented in the value model. Another
pair of value interfaces has to be introduced in order to make its meaning explicit.
These interfaces will include one exchange representing the pleading of the claim,
i.e. one actor requesting the other actor to fulfill the claim, and another exchange
representing the fulfillment of the claim, which thereby specifies the meaning of the
claim. It can be noted that pleading a claim is not about transferring or creating rights
but about making use of rights that an actor already possesses, and in this respect
it is different from other value exchanges. An example of applying guideline 2 is
 
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