A Method for Capturing and Reconciling Stakeholder Intentions Based on the Formal Concept Analysis - Intentional Perspectives on Information Systems Engineering - page 164

6 Application to Self-Checkout Systems
In 2008, we conducted a field study for the self-checkout system at large-scale super-
markets. Among many industry sectors introducing self-checkout systems, we have
chosen the retail industry because of the high complexity of requirements and heavy
involvement of shoppers in the checkout systems [ 3] .
6.1 Strategy of Field Study
We set the following two subjects as the goals for our field study:
1. To prove the model and method to structure the goals of diverse stakeholders and
relationships among them.
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of the goal reconciliation method in real systems.
6.2 Self-Checkout Systems
Self-checkout systems have been introduced into various industry sectors including
banks, hotels, and transportation. However, self-checkout systems in retail are more
complicated than in other industry sectors because the systems require heavy shop-
per involvement including scanning the goods in shopping carts, calculation of the
total price, and payment [ 3, 4] . Therefore, the requirements on self-checkout sys-
tems for retail are much more complicated than for other self-checkout systems.
Furthermore, the stakeholders concerned by self-checkout systems in the retails
industry are diverse.
Successful deployment of self-checkout systems in the retail industry began in
the late 1990s. Since then, the introduction of self-checkout systems is spreading
across the world.
However, eliciting the requirements for self-checkout systems in the retail indus-
try needs to accommodate concerns of the diverse stakeholders of the systems
including, managers' concerns on the cost and return of introduction of self-
checkout systems, the staffs' concerns on the change of the relationship between
staff and shoppers, and, shoppers' concerns on the waiting-time at check-out,
usability of the system, and shopping privacy.
6.3 Identification of Stakeholders
We had the opportunity to observe the activities in a supermarket and to discuss
with stakeholders including store managers and staff. From our observations, we
identified the following three stakeholders: