A Method for Capturing and Reconciling Stakeholder Intentions Based on the Formal Concept Analysis - Intentional Perspectives on Information Systems Engineering - page 154

Conventional stakeholder analysis and goal analysis deal with a set of goals or
a tree structure of goals. However, it is difficult to structure a set of diverse goals
claimed by a set of diverse stakeholders. There is a need to provide a methodology
to structure the diverse goals and answer the following questions.
1. Is goal X more important than goal Y?
2. Is goal X dependent on goal Y, that is, if goal Y is met, are all or a subset of
sub-goals of goal X met?
It is becoming more important to ensure the fairness of the goals of stakeholders
affected by the system, and to comply with the regulations, while those requirements
are becoming more complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a methodology
to systematically dissolve the interwoven goals and structure the goals with order.
3 Related Works
There are three major disciplines related this work:
Stakeholder Analysis [2, 5, 7] . Stakeholder analysis is a set of techniques to
identify the stakeholders, assess the importance and influence of stakeholders,
and evaluate the impact and priority of requirements based on the stakeholders.
Conventional techniques help to identify the dependencies between stakeholders
and requirements with a stakeholder matrix. However, those techniques mostly
use heuristic approaches. It is a challenge to systematically identify the depen-
dencies between stakeholders and requirements, and structure the requirements of
stakeholders.
Multiple Viewpoints [ 6, 10, 16] . “Viewpoint” is a subtle model to capture
multiple concerns of stakeholders of the system in the requirements acquisition pro-
cess. There is a large amount of literature on multiple viewpoints in requirements
engineering. Most of the literature share the common issues in requirements elici-
tation; dealing with diverse stakeholders. For example, VOSE (Viewpoint-Oriented
Systems Engineering) [ 6] proposes viewpoint as a composition of actor, knowl-
edge source, and role. In PREView, a viewpoint can be associated with a set of
stakeholders [ 16] .
Goal-Orientation [ 1, 9, 11 -13, 19] . Goal-oriented techniques have been exten-
sively studied in the requirements engineering community. Major techniques
include KAOS [ 9] , Goal/Strategy Map [ 13] , and i ∗ [ 19] . Those techniques model
goals and their relationship with a graph with some semantic extensions on the
edge, and analyze the goals in a top down manner. However, it is difficult for prac-
titioners to deal with the abstract concept of a goal and to find the right goal [ 13] .
Furthermore, we need to deal with multiple stakeholders. Unlike the conventional
goal model of a single tree, goals of multiple stakeholders are not clearly related in
a single tree. In this chapter, we address the challenge of bottom-up structuring of
seemingly un-related goals of multiple stakeholders.