Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
KEY POINTS
1
Environmental processes are the means by which the physical landscape is being
shaped. The processes involve physical, chemical and biological reactions taking
place above, at and underneath the surface of Earth. Present-day processes are
governed by present-day factors, and also by factors which have been inherited
from the history of the landscape being studied.
2
Such is the complexity of physical environments that a systems approach helps us
to understand them. The use of morphological systems, cascade systems and
process-response systems is well established in physical geography, and leads to
studies of equilibrium, positive feedback and negative feedback which have
proved so useful in helping us to understand how human beings interact with their
environment.
3
Not all environmental systems behave in an equilibrium manner. Chaotic and non-
equilibrium conditions exist, which are completely unpredictable. However, by
understanding how environmental processes and environmental systems operate,
we shall be better placed to manage our unpredictable future.
Stewart, A. J. A., and Lance, A. N. (1983) 'Moor-draining: a review of impacts on land-use',
Journal of Environmental Management
17, 81-99.
Trudgill, S. T. (2001)
The Terrestrial Biosphere
, London: Prentice Hall.
Waltham, A. C., Simms, M. J., Farrant, A. R., and Goldie, H. S. (1997)
Karst and Caves of Great
Britain
, London: Chapman & Hall.
