Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
speed as a function of month and time. Source: After
Ackerman (1985).
Figure 8.11
The effect of terrain roughness on the wind speed
profile. With decreasing roughness the depth of the modified
layer becomes shallower and the profile steeper. Source:
After Davenport (1965).
Table 8.4 Effects of urbanization on climate: average
urban
climatic differences expressed as a percentage of
rural conditions
Measure
Annual
Cold season
Warm season
Pollution
+500
+1000
+250
Solar radiation
-10
-15
-5
Temperature
+2
+3
+1
Humidity
-5
-2
-10
Visibility
-15
-20
-10
Fog
+10
+15
+5
Wind speed
-25
-20
-30
Cloudiness
+8
+5
+10
Rainfall
+5
0
+10
Thunderstorms
+15
+5
+30
