Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
antibiotic regimens should be selected based on
the pattern of bacterial susceptibility and noso-
comial infections in each institution. In addition,
hematopoietic growth factors, such as filgrastim
(Neupogen
®
), a granulocyte colony-stimulating
factor (G-CSF), and sargramostim (Leukine
®
), a
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
(GM-CSF), are potent stimulators of hematopoiesis
and may shorten the duration of neutropenia
and thus reduce morbidity and mortality [9-11].
As with all neutropenic patients, blood products
administered should be fresh, irradiated and CMV
negative.
In summary, it is obvious that terrorist groups
have investigated actions using radiological mate-
rial or nuclear devices. If such an attack were
to occur, the strain on medical resources will be
significant due to the severity of bone marrow
suppression that occurs after even moderate expo-
sure to radioactive substances and delayed wound
healing that accompanies radiological contamina-
tion of wounds. However, the relatively slow onset
of the syndromes and the advances in medical care
will dramatically improve the survivability of such
injuries.
among the Chernobyl emergency workers: estima-
tion of radiation risks (preliminary analysis).
Health
Phys
81:514-521, 2001.
5. F. H. Mettler, D. V. Becker, B. W. Wachholz, and
A. C. Bouville. Chernobyl: 10 years later.
J Nucl
Med
37:24N, 26N-27N, 1996.
6. J. N. Greene, D. C. Linch, and C. B. Miller. Current
treatments for infection in neutropenic patients
with hematologic malignancy.
Oncology (Huntingt)
14:31-34, 2000.
7. J. Klastersky. Empirical treatment of sepsis in
neutropenic patients.
Hosp Med
62:101-103, 2001.
8. G. I. Reeves. Radiation injuries.
Crit Care Clin
15:457-473, 1999.
9. G. Freyer, B. Ligneau, and V. Trillet-Lenoir.
Colony-stimulating factors in the prevention of
solid tumors induced by chemotherapy in patients
with febrile neutropenia.
Int J Antimicrob Agents
10:3-9, 1998.
10. E. B. Rubenstein. Colony stimulating factors in
patients with fever and neutropenia.
Int J Antimi-
crob Agents
16:117-121, 2000.
11. S. Serke. Hematopoietic growth factors as an
adjunct
for neutropenic patients
in the ICU:
still a controversial
issue.
Intensive Care Med
25:901-902, 1999.
Radiological Casualty Related Websites
1. www.afrri.usuhs.mil
2. www.orau.gov/reacts/default.htm
3. www. radefx.bcm.tmc.edu/ionizing/ionizing.
htm
References
1. V. A. Kashparov, D. H. Oughton, S. I. Zvarich,
V. P. Protsak, and S. E. Levchuk. Kinetics of
fuel particle weathering and 90Sr mobility in the
Chernobyl 30-km exclusion zone.
Health Phys
76:251-259, 1999.
2. T. Takatsuji, H. Sato, J. Takada, S. Endo, M. Hoshi,
V. F. Sharifov, I. I. Veselkina, I. V. Pilenko,
W. A. Kalimullin, V. B. Masyakin, A. I. Kovalev,
I. Yoshikawa, and S. Okajima. Relationship
between the 137Cs whole-body counting results
and soil and food contamination in farms near
Chernobyl.
Health Phys
78:86-89, 2000.
3. A. Abbott and S. Barker. Chernobyl damage
“underestimated”.
Nature
380:658, 1996.
4. V. K. Ivanov, A. I. Gorski, M. A. Maksioutov,
A. F. Tsyb, and G. N. Souchkevitch. Mortality
4.
http://www.epa.gov/radiation/rert/
5.
http://www.doctrine.usmc.mil/mcrp/view/
mcr4111b/mcr4111b.pdf
6.
http://www.fema.gov/pte/rep/
Appendix Terrorism with Ionizing
Radiation General Guidance Pocket
Guide
Diagnosis: Be Alert to the Following
•
Acute radiation syndrome (Table 5.1) follows
a predictable pattern after substantial exposure
or catastrophic events
•
Victims may also present individually, as
described in Table 5.3, over a longer period
