Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.1
Notifiable Diseases in the China Information System for Disease Control and
Prevention (CISDCP)
Category
Diseases
A
Cholera, plague
B
Anthrax, bacillary, and amebic dysentery, brucellosis, dengue fever, diphtheria,
gonorrhea, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, high pathogenecity avian
influenza, HIV/AIDS, Japanese encephalitis, leptospirosis, malaria, measles,
meningococcal meningitis, neonatal tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, rabies,
SARS, scarlet fever, schistosomiasis, syphilis, tuberculosis, typhoid/
paratyphoid fever, viral hepatitis
C
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, echinococcosis, epidemic typhus/endemic
typhus, filariasis, infectious diarrhea, influenza, leprosy, kala-azar, mumps,
rubella
was elevated to Category B status from Category C. Conversely, some dis-
eases, such as forest encephalitis, which was removed from Category C in
1990, have been downgraded and no longer require reporting due to progress
on the disease control front. Nonetheless, new emergent infectious diseases
have been added to the list: HIV/AIDS in the 1990s, SARS in 2003, and highly
pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in 2004. Tables 10.1 and 10.2 provide the
current list and codes of notifiable diseases for China's disease surveillance
system (Jin et al. 2006).
10.1.2 The Notifiable Disease reporting Processes in China
China's disease surveillance system has gone through three stages of report-
ing over the past 50 years. During the first stage (from the mid-1950s to 1987),
all hospitals were required to send a certification card with individual case
information to the local, usually county level, antiepidemic station through
the Chinese postal system. Data, aggregated by county and month, were
then sent through the post from the lower level antiepidemic stations to the
upper ones as illustrated in Figure 10.2.
In the second stage (1987-2003), information technology and Web-based
applications were rapidly developed and broadly applied worldwide. The
Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine (former name of the Chinese
Center for Disease Control and Prevention) was responsible for data aggre-
gation at the national level and so developed a new system for data collec-
tion to allow data transfer between lower and upper administrative level.
The postal system was no longer used for data transfer, and instead, was
replaced by the computer and Internet, saving much time that was previ-
ously needed for data aggregation and transfer. With the new technology,
detailed case-level data were still collected at the county level, summarized
on a monthly basis, and sent upwards.
 
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