Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
markets for agricultural produce and/or extension services can address inequality. Equality
can be promoted by removing entry barriers to activities with high labour demand and
regulations regarding working hours and minimal wage rate should be strictly enforced for
the welfare of those involved in wage labour. Educational programmes, access to credit and
provision of infrastructure can help.
References
Adams, R.H. Jr. (1999). Nonfarm income, inequality and land in rural Egypt. Working paper. World
Bank Washington, DC, USA. Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/html/dec/Publications/
Workpapers/wps2000series/wps2178/wps2178.pdf .
Barrett, C.B., T. Reardon, and P. Webb (2001). nonfarm income diversification and household
livelihood strategies in rural Africa: concepts, dynamics, and policy implications. Cornell
University, Ithaca, USA.
Beinart, W. and L. Wotshela (1995). Border-Ciskei District study on land reform; land holding,
agriculture, land availability and land reform negotiations in Isidenge (Stutterheim) District-
Eastern Cape Province. University of Fort Hare, Alice, RSA.
Escobal, J. (2001). The determinants of nonfarm income diversification in rural Peru. World
Development 29, 497-508.
Fraser, G., N. Monde, and W. Van Averbeke (2003). Food security in South Africa: a case study of
rural livelihoods in the Eastern Cape Province. In: L. Nieuwoudt and J. Groenewald (eds.), The
challenge of change: agriculture, land and the South African economy. University of Natal Press:
Pietermaritzburg, RSA, pp. 171-183.
Leibbrandt, L., C. Woodlard and I. Woodlard (2000). The contribution on income components to
income inequality in the rural former homelands of South Africa: a decomposable Gini Analysis.
Journal of African Economies 9, 79-99.
Perret, S., W. Anseeuw, and N. Mathebula (2005). Poverty and livelihoods in rural South Africa.
Investigating diversity and dynamics of livelihoods. Case studies in Limpopo. Unpublished
Project report num.05/01, Kellogg's Foundation / University of Pretoria, 65 p.
Piesse, J., J. Simister and C. Thirtle (1999). Modernisation, multiple income sources and equity: a
gini decomposition for the communal lands in Zimbabwe. University of Reading, UK.
Provide (2006). A profile of the Eastern Cape province: demographics, poverty, inequality and
unemployment. Provide Background Paper 2005: 1(2). Elsenburg, RSA. Available at: www.
elsenburg.com/provide .
Schwarze, S. (2004). Determinants of income generation activities of rural households in Central
Sulawesi, Indonesia. Institute of Rural Development, Georg-August University Göttingen,
Germany.
Van De Berg, M. and G.E. Kumbi (2006). Poverty and the rural non farm income in Oromia,
Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics 35, 469-475.
World Bank, 2006. World Development report 2007: Development and the next generation. Word
Bank, Washington, DC, USA.
Search WWH ::




Custom Search