Influence of institutional factors on smallholder farmers’ marketing channel choices - Institutional Constraints to Small Farmer Development in Southern Africa - page 86

government in 1994, the upper part of the Kat River Valley was part of the Ciskei homeland
- one of several black racial reserves created during the apartheid era. The Kat River Valley is
approximately 80 kilometres in length and 1,700 km 2 in area (Motteux, 2001). Its catchment
includes the areas of Seymour, Balfour, Fort Beaufort and other smaller rural communities.
According to McMaster (2002), the Kat River Valley can be divided into three different
sub regions (Figure 5.1), namely: the Upper Kat (UK), Middle Kat (MK) and the Lower
Kat (LK).
Figure 5.1. Kat River Valley map (McMaster, 2002).