Environmental Engineering Reference
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Fig. 5
Geographical distribution of use of granular and liquid formulations of chlorpyrifos in the
United States from 2010 to 2011 as % of total. Derived from unpublished sales data from Dow
AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN
Data on sales of granular and flowable CPY, presented as percent of total use
across the U.S. from 2010 to 2011, are provided in Fig.
5
(developed from unpub-
lished sales data from Dow AgroSciences). Regions with the highest percentage of
total sales (depicted in blue), include Kern, Tulare, Santa Cruz, Fresno counties in
central California; Lancaster County in southeastern Pennsylvania; and Calhoun,
Decatur, and Mitchell counties in southeast Georgia.
Since purchases of CPY might not be made close to areas of use, data on sales
might not accurately reflect use. Several agencies estimate pesticide use on crops
but these estimates are derived from a variety of imprecise sources. Although
California's Pesticide Use Reporting (PUR) is based upon the actual amounts
reported by pesticide users, all others are derived from sampling and statistical anal-
yses. For specific crops, analysis of CPY use was undertaken by EPA (
2008
), Gomez
(
2009
), and USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA
2012
). Usage
data for CPY are inclusive of all products from any manufacturer or registrant.
Data on amounts of pesticides used were collected differently by Gomez,
USEPA, and USDA. EPA acquired their data from USDA/NASS from 2001 to
2006, proprietary market research data from 2001 to 2006, data from the CropLife
Foundation's National Pesticide Use Database, only when other data were not avail-
able, and California Pesticide Use Report (PUR) data from 2000 to 2005 when 95%
of the crop was grown in California (USEPA
2008
). EPA noted that their estimates
included only data from states that were surveyed, rather than for the entire U.S.
The reported figures were derived from an algorithm that covers many years but
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