Risk to Pollinators from the Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 243

Table 9 Effects of chlorpyrifos (CPY) treatment on honey bees in ield studies

Rate
(g CPY ha −1 ) Crop Formulation Method Observations Reference

Alfalfa Dursban 280-1,120 Field, aerial High kill on d-1 and reduced foraging for 2-3 d

at all rates; no clear advantage of night
applications

Atkins et al. ( 1973 )

Lorsban 4E 1,120 Aerial Signiicant mortality 1-2 d after application;

reduced lower visitation of honey bees
and alfalfa leaf cutting bees

Lunden et al. ( 1986 )

Carrot Lorsban 50 W 1,120 Field Mortality and reduced foraging for 1-2 d;

“moderate” bee kill

Lunden et al. ( 1986 )

Citrus Lorsban 4E 1,700-2,200 Field, aerial Increased mortality compared to control; classiied

as “moderately hazardous” in most trials;
no clear advantage of night applications

Atkins and Kellum ( 1993 )

Corn Lorsban 4E 560-1,120 Chemigation Mortality and reduced foraging Lunden et al. ( 1986 )

Dandelion Lorsban 4E 1,120 Orchard No effects Lunden et al. ( 1986 )

Raspberry Lorsban 50 WP 1,680 Field plots Erratic behavior, reduced loral visitation Lunden et al. ( 1986 )