Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6
Chronic risk results for birds exposed to fl owable chlorpyrifos
Exceedence
probability (%)
NOEL
Crop
Use pattern
Species
a
LOEL
Alfalfa
Southern plains—1.05 kg ha
−1
(0.94 lb
A
−1
) applied broadcast 4× with 10-d
interval
Dickcissel
0.29
0
Mourning dove
0
0
Red-winged blackbird
0.61
0
Vesper sparrow
18.6
0
Western meadowlark
0.35
0
Almond
California—2.11 kg ha
−1
(1.88 lb A
−1
)
applied airblast post-plant 2× (May,
hull-split) with 10-d interval
Abert's towhee
0.01
0
Blue grosbeak
18.7
0.09
Common crow
0
0
Mourning dove
0
0
Red-winged blackbird
9.71
0.01
Apple/
Cherry
Northwest—2.11 kg ha
−1
(1.88 lb A
−1
)
applied airblast during dormant season/
Michigan—2.07 kg ha
−1
(1.88 lb A
−1
)
applied broadcast post-plant
Blue grosbeak
7.94
0.01
Common crow
0
0
Mourning dove
0
0
Red-winged blackbird
1.99
0
Broccoli
California—2.36 kg ha
−1
(2.11 lb A
−1
)
applied band at-plant and post-plant 3×
with 10-d interval
Common crow
2.15
0
Horned lark
1.27
0
Mourning dove
0.02
0
Red-winged blackbird
0.32
0
Corn
Midwest—1.12 kg ha
−1
(1 lb A
−1
) applied
broadcast at-plant and band post-plant
3× with 10-d interval
American robin
1.63
0
Horned lark
1.89
0
Killdeer
0.12
0
Mourning dove
0
0
Northern bobwhite
0
0
Red-winged blackbird
0.25
0
Vesper sparrow
0.43
0
Grape
California—2.11 kg ha
−1
(1.88 lb A
−1
)
applied airblast prior to bud break
Blue grosbeak
4.86
0
Common crow
0.39
0
Mourning dove
0
0
Northern bobwhite
0
0
Red-winged blackbird
3.53
0
Grapefruit
Florida—2.80 kg ha
−1
(2.5 lb A
−1
) applied
airblast post-plant (Apr-Jun)
Blue grosbeak
10.3
0.11
Common crow
0
0
Mourning dove
0
0
Northern bobwhite
0
0
Red-winged blackbird
5.49
0
Orange
California—6.27 kg ha
−1
(5.6 lb A
−1
)
applied airblast post-plant (May-Aug)
Abert's towhee
0.08
0
Blue grosbeak
28.1
1.12
Common crow
0
0
Mourning dove
0
0
Red-winged blackbird
21.0
0.8
Pecan
Georgia—1.05 kg ha
−1
(0.94 lb A
−1
)
applied airblast 3× with 10-d interval
Blue grosbeak
11.8
0.02
Common crow
0
0
Mourning dove
0
0
Northern bobwhite
0
0
Red-winged blackbird
4.58
0
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