Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 4
LD
50
s from acceptable oral gavage studies for chlorpyrifos
LD
50
(mg ai
kg
−1
bwt)
SSD
input
value
Reference
Probit
slope
Species
Life stage
Common grackle
(
Quiscalus quiscula
)
Adult
5.62
-
8.55 Schafer and Brunton (
1979
)
Adult
13
-
Schafer and Brunton (
1971
)
Ring-necked pheasant
(
Phasianus colchicus
)
Adult, male
8.41
-
12.2
Hudson et al. (
1984
)
Adult, female
17.7
-
Red-winged blackbird
(
Agelaius phoeniceus
)
Adult, male
13.1
-
13.1
Schafer and Brunton (
1979
)
Japanese quail (
Coturnix
japonica
)
Adult
13.3
-
15.6
Schafer and Brunton (
1979
)
Adult, male
15.9
-
Hudson et al. (
1984
)
Adult, male
17.8
-
Common pigeon
(
Columba livia
)
Adult
10
-
16.4
Schafer and Brunton (
1979
)
Adult
26.9
-
Hudson et al. (
1984
)
Sandhill crane (
Grus
canadensis
)
Adult, male
25-50
-
25.0
Hudson et al. (
1984
)
House sparrow (
Passer
domesticus
)
Adult
10
-
29.5
Schafer and Brunton (
1979
)
Adult, male
21
-
Hudson et al. (
1984
)
Adult
122
2.3
Gallagher et al. (
1996
)
Leghorn chicken (
Gallus
domesticus
)
Chick, male
32
-
33.4
McCollister et al. (
1974
)
Adult
34.8
-
Miyazaki and Hodgson
(
1972
)
Canada goose (
Branta
canadensis
)
Adult
40-80
-
40.0
Hudson et al. (
1984
)
Chukar (
Alectoris chukar
)
Adult, female
60.7
-
60.9
Hudson et al. (
1984
)
Adult, male
61.1
-
Northern bobwhite
(
Colinus virginianus
)
Juvenile
119
3.88
61.7
Kaczor and Miller (
2000
)
Adult
32
4.6
Hill and Camardese (
1984
)
California quail
(
Callipepla
californica
)
Adult, female
68.3
-
68.3
Hudson et al. (
1984
)
European starling (
Sturnus
vulgaris
)
Adult
75
-
75.0
Schafer and Brunton (
1979
)
Mallard (
Anas
platyrhynchos
)
Adult, female
75.6
-
92.0
Hudson et al. (
1984
)
Duckling
112
-
receiving the dose over 1 and 8 h, respectively. Concentrations of CPY associated
with no mortality were 1,000 and 3,200 mg ai kg
−1
diet for the two doses,
respectively.
5.2
Chronic Toxicity Studies
No chronic toxicity studies on birds have been conducted for CPY since the review
by Solomon et al. (
2001
).
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