Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 140

Table 5 (continued)

Zooplankton Macroinvertebrates

Ref Cosm Exposure Taxa Community Recovery Taxa Community Recovery NOAEC eco

Ward et al.
( 1995 )

Outdoor stream
(45 m × 0.4 m),
fl ow through
conditions,
Australia

Chemspray,
0.1 and
5.0

Cladocerans,
copepods, and
ostracods decreased
at both doses, more
severely at 5

Total invertebrate
abundance and
diversity reduced at
both doses

Ostracods recovered
at 0.1

13/19 chironomids
and 8/36
nonchironomids
were signifi cantly
reduced and many
showed no recovery
by 70 d

Notable sensitivity
observed for all
insects, even
predators

Abundance and
diversity slightly
reduced at
0.1

NA

g L −1 ;
cladocerans and
copepods did not
recover, but low
abundances pre-trial
render this uncertain

μ

g L −1
applied
continuously
over 21 d

μ

g L −1 and
more severely
reduced at
5

μ

μ g L −1

g L −1 .
Abundances of
invertebrates at
5

μ

g L −1
recovered
between 42 and
70 d after the
fi rst treatment

μ

Zafar et al.
( 2011 )

Outdoor 1.3 m 3
(Netherlands)

480 g AI L −1
EC; three
exposure
regimes with
similar TWA:
0.9

Cladocerans most
sensitive; also
copepod nauplii;
rotifers increased

Immediate PRC
effect after single
app; progressive
effects in other
treatment

PRC still signifi cant
in single-app
treatment at end of
study

Cloeon dipterum and
Chaoroborus most
sensitive in
0.9

Immediate effect
after single app;
progressive effects
in other treatments

PRC still
signifi cant at
end of study;
Chaoborus
recovered after
single app; G.
pulex still
reduced in
0.1

<0.9 μ g L −1 (single

app)
<0.3 μ g L −1 (three

g L −1 but not
affected in 0.1

μ apps)

<0.1 g L −1

continuous; also
Gammarus pulex ,
Trichoptera

μ g L −1

(continuous 21 d)

μ

g L −1
(single app),
0.3

μ

g L −1
(three apps @
7 d), 0.1

μ

g L −1
continuous at
end of study

μ

g L −1
(continuous
21-d)

μ