Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 136

Table 5 Summary of microcosm and mesocosm studies performed with chlorpyrifos

Zooplankton Macroinvertebrates

Ref Cosm Exposure Taxa Community Recovery Taxa Community Recovery NOAEC eco

Biever et al.
( 1994 ),
Giddings
( 1993a , b );
Giddings
et al. ( 1997 );
Giddings
( 2011 )

Outdoor 11 m 3 ,
Kansas

Lorsban ® 4E;
0.03, 0.1, 0.3,
1, 3

Copepods and
cladocerans
NOAEC = 0.1

PRC
NOAEC = 3

All parameters
recovered by end of
study (single app),
up to 0.3

Most benthic taxa
NOAEC = 0.1

PRC
NOAEC = 0.3

All taxa
recovered at all
treatment spray
levels except
Chironomidae at
1

0.1 g L −1 (single

spray or 3× slurry)

μ

g L −1
(single spray),
0.1

μ μ g L −1 μ g L −1

g L −1 ;
single spray or
3× slurry @
2-wk intervals

μ g L −1 ;

rotifers increased

μ (single spray),

0.3 g L −1

(3× slurry)

μ g L −1

(3× slurry)

μ μ g L −1 (3× slurry)

g L −1 ; many
taxa and PRC
did not recover
at 3

μ

g L −1
slurry treatment

μ

Brazner and
Kline ( 1990 )

Outdoor littoral
enclosures, 55 m 3 ,
Minnesota

Dursban ® : 0.5,
5.0, and
20.0

Cladocerans and
ostracods decreased;
rotifers decreased at
low conc. but
unaffected or
increased at higher
conc.

Not reported Cladocerans,

copepods, and
rotifers recovered at
0.5

Chironomids
decreased

Not reported Chironomids

recovered at
0.5

<0.5 μ g L −1

g L −1
applied once

μ g L −1

within 16 d

μ

g L −1 but not at
higher
concentrations

μ

Brock et al.
( 1992 , 1993 ,
1995)

Indoor 847 L,
Netherlands,
Elodea
nuttallii -dominated
(western
waterweed)

Dursban ® 4E
48%: 5 and
35

Cladocerans,
copepods,
amphipods, isopods,
and insects
decreased; no effect
on rotifers

Secondary effects
observed: increase in
periphyton,
gastropods,
oligochaetes

Some recovery by
amphipods, complete
or nearly complete
recovery by isopods,
cladocerans, and
copepods

Insects reduced at
5

Not reported At 5 g L −1 ,

slight recovery,
then
disappearance
again at end of
study; no
recovery at
35

μ <5 μ g L −1

g L −1 , eliminated
at 35

μ

g L −1
applied once

μ μ g L −1

μ g L −1

Brock et al.
( 1992 , 1993)

Indoor 847 L,
Netherlands,
devoid of
macrophytes

Dursban ® 4E
48%; 35

Cladocerans,
copepods, isopods,
insects decreased;
amphipods
eliminated; no effect
on rotifers

Secondary effects
observed: increase in
phytoplankton,
rotifers, bivalves,
oligochaetes

Some recovery by
cladocerans and
copepods; full
recovery by isopods;
no recovery by
amphipods

Insects eliminated,
species not identifi ed

Diversity associated
with POM higher in
open- water systems

Insects absent
until fi nal wk

<35 μ g L −1

g L −1
applied once

μ